Analysis Of The Book Ways Of Seeing By John Berger

Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. London: British Broadcasting, 1973. Print. The book, Ways of Seeing by John Berger is based on the concept that the way we see things. It explores our knowledge and past experiences. The reproduction and recreation of images and how that changes our own thoughts on an artwork. The book reveiws the history of nude women in art, and the negative impacts of advertising in the art world. The book is organized in a form of chapters, including pictorials. I chose to write my essay following a similar form. I follow the flow of the chapters, with a summary of each chapter, as well as a reflection. In the first pages of John Berger s, Ways Of Seeing, he explains what it means to See . He explains as children, we are first able to look, not speak, nor walk. This is an interesting way of approaching the act of seeing. To see is different from looking. To see is to understand whereas to look is to simply glance. For Berger, ‘An image is a sight which has been recreated or reproduced . . . which has been detached from the place and time in which it first made its appearance . . .’ (p. 9). I interpreted this as a way of saying, that the reproduction changes the entire context of the artwork. Berger goes on to point out the human fascination with relating to each other, and our yearning to understand history. Berger says that maybe paintings weren t made to be interpreted as legitimate history, but are made to represent something that is not there.Show MoreRelatedHow We See and Read Images1247 Words   |  5 Pagesadvertisements are meant to capture the audience attent ion. Art and beauty attract the attention of the mind through the eye. John Berger, an English art critic, novelist, painter, and poet tried to explain the way human beings view things and how this is affected by our knowledge, beliefs and what they assume to be right. He explains that what we see has been recreated or reproduced. Berger points out that the woman’s body portrayed by different people has changed over time, for instance, in early 1500-1900Read MoreJohn Berger Essay- Ways of Seeing1833 Words   |  8 Pagescomplexity of mummies. Throughout all these diverse cultures of art, I was questioning myself and started to wonder how I could understand art beyond others’ opinion about them. Moreover, I realized that it was a question John Berger, critic of art and author of the Ways of Seeing, raised in his essay, and it is a question that will always be raised while demanding how to understand a certain art. Walking through a room where various French artists had their paintings exposed, I fell in front of theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John Berger s Ways Of Seeing912 Words   |  4 Pages Rhetorical Analysis Essay In John Berger’s essay â€Å"Ways of Seeing,† he shares his view on how he feels art is seen. Mr. Berger explores how the views of people are original and how art is seen very differently. By comparing certain photographs, he goes on to let his Audience, which is represented as the academic, witness for themselves how art may come across as something specific and it can mean something completely different depending on who is studying the art. The author goes into details ofRead MoreRoland Barthes developed a range of semiotic tools to analyse the cultural meanings1729 Words   |  7 Pagesand will also look at how Barthes uses these tools to analyse images and how they make us think. Roland Barthes was a French philosopher who wrote many books about the literary theory and semiotics. His writing has influenced and helped shape many postmodern theories. His most famous book â€Å"Death of the author† explains his theory on visual analysis. Barthes says that when we see an image, the author or creator of the image does not matter. Each individual person will find a meaning from that imageRead MoreCritical Media Analysis1146 Words   |  5 PagesMicaela Flanigan February 18, 2013 Critical Media Analysis The advertisement being analyzed is from Amitron and is selling a woman’s watch. The advertisement was found in Marie Claire magazine, which is a publication for women and pertains to topics such as fashion, style, beauty, women’s issues, and health issues. Marie Claire is ranked as number 87 in circulation and 988,418 magazines were circulated as of 2012. The estimated advertising rate for Marie Claire is $79,760. The primary targetRead MoreIdentifying Potential Genres of Viral Videos Essay2290 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"yes,† as demonstrated by the information architecture of online super-retailers like Amazon.com. Amazon subdivides its massive inventory first by medium, like â€Å"Books† or â€Å"Movies,† before incrementally working toward a finer degree of granularity. Taking books as our example medium, we can navigate by sub-genres to find a title in Books Science Fiction Fantasy Science Fiction Adventure. But this understanding of ge nre-as-synonym largely ignores the more formal identification process performedRead MoreThe Advancement Of Behaviorism : A Look At The Progression Of Behavioral Science Through Time Essay2345 Words   |  10 Pagesexplain human behavior, but he did set up a paradigm that inspired John B. Watson. Watson used Pavlov’s Stimulus—Response contingency to explore psychological facets of behavior, leading to methodological behaviorism. This form of behavioral science only analyzed behavior that could be seen by the naked eye and discounted mental events. In opposition to this, B.F. Skinner formed radical behaviorism, which did include the analysis of â€Å"private events,† which could include thoughts or even physicalRead MoreLanguage as a Social Construction of Reality.4593 Words   |  19 Pagescreate and shape the world through social interaction (Berger and Luckmann 1967). Newman (1995:48) describes it as A...a process by which human-created ideas become externall y given realities handed down from generation to generation.@ Berger and Luckmann claim that language is an essential part of our existence as human beings. The following passage demonstrates the importance they place on language in understanding our social world (Berger and Luckmann 1967:37): The common objectivations of everydayRead More The Relationship of Photographs, History, and Memory Essay5378 Words   |  22 Pagesknowledge and making history. Photographs are re-collections of the past. This essay is about photography, memory, and history and addresses the relationship between photographic images and the need to remember; it is based on the notion that seeing is a prelude to historical knowledge and that understanding the past relies on the ability to imagine. At the same time, the role of thought and imagination in the production of society--as reflected in the earlier work of Louis Althusser (1970),Read MoreEssay on ART 305 Syllabus 1 2559 Words   |  11 Pagespoints method. This means that I assign points to each assignment toward a total of possible points in the class. CLASS GRADING 13 quizzes 130 points (10 points each) FINAL quiz 50 points Discussion/Analysis Question 1 10 points Discussion/Analysis Question 2 10 points Discussion/Analysis Question 3 10 points Museum paper 40 points TOTAL 250 points Grading will be done on a plus (+) and minus (-) basis as follows: A 250-225 (90%) (or 250 x .90=225) A- 224-212.5 (85%) (or 250 x .85=212

Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay - 945 Words

Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Everyday people make decisions that affect their future lives. Do people make the right decisions? What makes a decision a right one? What may be right to some, may be wrong to others. There are no right or wrong decisions but those that people choose and believe to be right varying from each individual. In Hemingways realistic story, Hills Like White Elephants, Jig attempts to make a crucial change in her life by making the right decision, but is unable to because of her weak characteristic flaws. Jig is indecisive about her decision. Even though she realizes the possibilities, she has difficulties letting go of old habits, has a low self-esteem that leads to her being submissive,†¦show more content†¦Surely, she must know the possible damage she can cause the baby to have, but does it stop her from drinking? No, this only indicates that she is still not ready to change completely. Even though she wants to change, something, perhaps her old ways, is holding her back from doing so. Maybe this explains why she drinks during her pregnancy. Jig has many characteristics that define her as being a weak character. Due to her submissive quality, she gives in to her lover regardless her own feelings. One of the reasons why she feels the need to make him happy lies in her fear of losing him. And if I do it youll be happy and things will be like they were and youll love me? Apparently, Jig is willing to sacrifice her own will for his, if it means making him happy. She struggles on a decision between her mind and her heart. Her mind is telling her to keep the baby, but her heart is telling her the opposite-to go through the operation. It is a decision between her love for him and willingness to make him happy versus her self- interest to make the right decision. Obviously, it is her low self- esteem that gears her towards giving in to him. If I do it you wont ever worry...then Ill do it because I dont care about me. This quotes clearly shows how she is passive and submissive. Her weak flaw lies in the fact that she doesnt consider her feelingsShow MoreRelatedHemingway’s Hills Like White Elep hants Essay1908 Words   |  8 Pagesthe literary pieces he writes. Hemingway proves this by writing his short story, Hills Like White Elephants. Hemingway also quoted, â€Å"I never had to choose a subject - my subject rather chose me† (E. Hemingway, QuotesPedia). This also relates to Hemingway composing Hills Like White Elephants along with many of his other works. Hemingway refers to past events in his life in his writings. For example, in Hemingway’s novel, A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway is referring to his service in World War I,Read MoreEssay On Abortion In Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants900 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"If she chooses the barren solution, the girl knows that she will never again have a chance at choosing happiness† (Teaching the Culture of Life: Hills Like White Elephants). â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† goes in depth on a relationship where one partner wants an abortion and the other is questioning the abortion, the relationship, and their future together. Jig is confronted with a life altering decision. She can have the abortion and try to stay with her partner in a dry and barren relationshipRead MoreAbortion In Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants1237 Words   |  5 Pages The short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† by Ernest Hemingway, talk about a young couple and their relationship issue about abortion. Even though, the story happened in a short period of time, but it tells more than just a story. The woman named Jig, where the man only called as â€Å" a man† or â€Å" The American.† Although the relationship between them is complicated, but it is clearly that they are not married. However, they continued their relationship which came to result that Jig became pregnantRead MoreErnest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay743 Words   |  3 Pages WC: 754 Title: Sacred Moments Close interpretation of the story quot;Hills Like White Elephantsquot; by Ernest Hemingway leads the reader to an issue that has plagued society for decades. Understanding of the human condition is unveiled in the story line, the main setting, and through the character representation. The main characters in the story are an American man and a female named Jig. The conflict about abortions is an issue that still faces society today. Architectural and atmosphericRead MoreEssay on Hemingways Minimalism in Hills Like White Elephants1455 Words   |  6 PagesHemingway’s Minimalism in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† In this essay we will look at Earnest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† as an example of his use of the minimalist technique, what that technique is, and what its overall effect has on the reader. What is minimalism and how did Hemingway use this technique in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†? The primary effect of Minimalism in modern prose is to place the control of the work back onto the reader. That is to say, the reader is forcedRead MoreAbortion In Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants1664 Words   |  7 PagesOn its surface level, Ernest Hemingway’s short story, Hills Like White Elephants, appears to be a seemingly simple tale of an American man and a girl waiting at a train station in Spain while having a civil conversation about an unmentioned operation over a few drinks; however, after readers look past the nondescript writing style of Hemingway, it becomes evident that the conversation is actually revolving around a topic much more serious. The â€Å"simple† operation the man is trying to convince theRead More Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Ernest Hemingways short story Hills Like White Elephants relies on symbolism to carry the theme of either choosing to live selfishly and dealing with the results, or choosing a more difficult and selfless path and reveling in the rewards. The symbolic materials and the symbolic characters aid the readers understanding of the subtle theme of this story. The hills symbolize two different decisions that the pregnant girl in our story is facedRead MoreAnalysis Of Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants991 Words   |  4 Pagespeople outside of just the person that is making the decision, this causes a person to be weary of their choices. In Ernest Hemingway’s story, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† he focuses the attention on how difficult it can be to make the right decision by expressing the elements through the setting, character, conflicts, symbols, and foreshadowing in the story. In Hemingway’s story, he creates the setting in which he writes, â€Å"It was very hot and the express from Barcelona, would arrive in forty minutesRead MoreAnalysis Of Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants711 Words   |  3 Pagesanother perspective that first impression often evolves, like looking through a lens. This phenomenon can be observed in literature. Ernest Hemingways â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† tells of a man and a woman waiting at a Spanish railway station. While having drinks, they discuss the option of her having an abortion. Brooks The Mother discusses the mental effects of abortion and how a woman may feel after having one. At first glance, Hemingway’s story simply shows that abortions can hurt and put strainRead MoreJohn Updikes AP and Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants1016 Words   |  4 Pagestakes both genders to create love, and those genders are often separated by inequality. Both these themes coincide well together; the clash of love and gender inequality is interestingly captivating. In John Updikes AP and Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants, both stories send a conclusive message to the reader that equality between both sexes in love and attraction is almost impossible; one gender will always be more powerful than the other. In AP by John Updike, the story portrays

Linking Global Trade and Human Rights - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Linking Global Trade and Human Rights. Answer: Introduction: The provincial and central government of China in recent years have created special zones that have offered several benefits to the countries who are doing business poor operating in China. Such areas include free trade zone, special economic zones and trade development zones. One of the factors that can be considered by Australian sector for doing business in China is the benefits offered by different economic zones and free trade zone. Australian business is required to check with their state trade office for seeing that it has any relationship with special trade zone for setting up operations in China. Free economic zone has been opened by the city of China. Free trade zone of China has created business opportunities for Australian business[1]. One of the most important international business hubs that is Shanghai is recent development. The Shanghai free trade zone was launched on 29th September 2013. Establishment of Chinas national exhibition and trading centre is one of the first initiative of special free trade zone of china. Opportunities will be created for Australian business due to economic reforms and significant opportunities created by national exhibition and trading centre. For the private foreign investments, six service sectors have been opened up under the free trade zone. These sectors involve shipping services, financial services, business services, cultural services, social services and professional services [2]. It is indicative of the fact that Chinese government has signalled unprecedented level of economic liberalization. An innovative approach for promoting the exports of Australian country to China is represented by Australian national exhibition and trading centre. The fast growing Chinese market can be accessed by Australian business without any complex procedures involved in registration o f company in China [3]. China Australia free trade agreement: China has ratified and initiated implementing free trade agreements with Australia in year 2015 as it is the largest trading partner. This free trade agreement will help in encouraging international investment and trade by relaxing regulator barriers on foreign investments, eliminating and reducing tariffs by lowering trade barriers. Australia will face increased export competition in domestic markets by allowing free flow of cheaper goods across trade barriers. Investment in Australia by private Chinese investors will be stimulated to $ 1094 million due to increase in threshold in non-sensitive sectors by foreign investment review board. Investment and trade will be boosted between China and Australia as per the agreement. As per the agreement, tariff is eliminated on the vast majority of goods between the trading partners. Authorities of China has remained cautious about Trans pacific partnership and there will not be immediate negative impact on trade and investment due to implementation of agreement. Second largest source of foreign investment for Australia in year 2014 is China with the total value of investment stock amounts to AUD 64.5 billion [4]. ChAFTA is expected to stimulate trade flows between China and Australia will witness increase investment by China. Chinese companies will further incentivise to make investment in China due to lower cost of exports brought by tariffs reduction. For securing the supply of high quality of products, Australia will have investments from china. This will assist Australian companies to tap into evolving trend of Chinese consumption. Prior to the agreement, Chinese market was accessed by Australian business for increasing the processing capacity and agricultural production. There has been increase in investment value that is an encouraging factor for Chinese companies. Real estate of Australia has been witnessing increasing investment from the Chinese companies in addition to consumer related sectors. Investment facilitation arrangement made under ChAFTA under which Chinese workers will be entering Australia in temporary basis for participating in infrastructure projects of Chinese companies. Furthermore, tariffs on all types of pharmaceutical products will be removed. Overseas investment has been stepp ed into by Chinese companies in healthcare sector of Australia. Australian market access by Chinese companies will help in accessing technology, high quality trends and expertise[5]. This would help in satisfying the growing demand of Chinese market. The investment targets by Chinese companies in Australia under the free trade agreement would be mainly in the sector of financial services, computer and electronics, food, agribusiness, textiles, healthcare and transportation. A range of commitment has been agreed by china under ChAFTA that would provide assistance to service providers in Australia for establishing their commercial presence in territories of China. Some of the sectors includes sector of shipping, health aged care, architecture, mining and legal services, urban planning, fund management sectors, insurance and banking [6]. A clause of most favoured nation is involved in agreement that will help in protecting the competitive position of Australia provided the condition that if beneficial treatment is extended by China to their trade partners. Under ChAFTA, investors in Australia are provided with the opportunities of establishing wholly foreign owned entities. 13th five year plan provides the Australian investors with further liberalization opportunities. Due to increase in import competition, the merger clearance rates in Australia is likely to have a favourable impact. Further growth in import competition in areas such as manufacturing, electronics and household products, is likely to be supported by elimination and reduction of tariffs under ChAFTA. Australian companies can source cheaper supply from China with this agreement. Import competition effectiveness can be softened by the applications of anti-dumping policies and using standards of Australia to impose additional trade barriers on importing of goods. Increasingly global nature of competition can provide with the remote side effect of ChAFTA as it seeks that Australian companies intend to merge for creating efficiencies and competing effectively with counter parts [7]. The international competitiveness can be related under the provisions of formal merger authorization. It will help Australia in becoming more exposed to export market and import competition and seeking and el iminating trade barriers. Five year plan of China: The economic development of China is achieved through a plan of five years in the most recent year from March 2016 to March 2021. Realising of national and economic development plan in form of the five year plan has outlined several targets and economic policies for driving development of industry inn China by year 2020. The main focus of plan is continued efforts in reforming measures and maintaining social stability and economic growth. Some of the key priorities that have been addressed in this particular five year plan involves investment promotion across sectors, nationwide industrial capacity resolving, supporting development of private sector, and strengthening protection of properties, innovation in technology, encouraging population of workforce and re balancing of rural area entrepreneurship. International business activity and international investments has been further opened in terms of Chinas free trade zone under 13th Five year plan. International presence of china is on path of increasing continuously that will help in further expanding of free trade zone for stimulating foreign investments in these zones. The increasing face value of business opportunities is attributed from increased access to Chinese markets coupled with western level of free trade. As per the plan, there will be provisions for substantial change in flow of capital out and into China[8]. This would facilitate navigation of foreign invested enterprise by accessing to market of China. Production will also be made attractive due to proposed incentives of tax under the five year plan. China has taken considerable step for gaining greater freedom in global market in terms of international financial liberalization. The plan made in 13th five year plan will be made forward due to likely expansion and creation of free trade zone and making provision of movement of capital flows. Gradual liberalization of foreign investment is indicated by five year plan of China. It involves the implementation of national treatments for foreign and domestic investors eventually and this is done pre establishment and managing foreign investments with negative list approaches [9]. There will be unified foreign and direct investment system. Formulation of basic laws have been highlighted in the plan by indicating the growing need to emphasize on finalization of legislation such as drafting the foreign investment laws. The policymakers of China has been consistently advocated to do away with the classification of foreign investments and governing of all the established companies in china under same regulations and laws. Under this plan, some areas that have been noted for making alterations relating investment includes reduce barriers to access market, expand openings, encouraging foreign capital and improving overall quality of foreign investments in China by adopting advanced technology. For achieving goals related to foreign investments, plan have some targeted goals that re required to achieved in order to enhance such investment opportunities. For liberalization, the targeted sectors include construction, education, accounting, designing and auditing [10]. Market access for foreign companies such as insurance, banking, securities and pensions are suggested for expansion under the plan. Plan would also encourage development of industries involved in high and new technologies, manufacturing and efficiency in energy sectors. It is envisaged in the plan to create strong system and enabling environment for supporting the variety of manufacturing planned activities. Establishment of export processing zone and special economic zones is one of the key interventions in the plan. Increasing investment is being witnessed in service and manufacturing sectors and over the last few years, there have been change in the patter of inflow and outflow of foreign direct investments. China is being viewed by international investor as end destination market due to growing investment in service sector of country [12]. Goods produced by manufacturing firms are designed in a specific way for meeting the needs of Chinese consumers and they are producing high quality goods. Over the past years, there have been rapid growth of foreign investors in high tech manufacturing industries. This would provide opportunities to manufacturing companies in Australia to make investment in China under the new plan. Nonetheless, China has been in the early stage of transition of service driven economy. It is perceived that foreign direct investment in china would be concentrated in East due to establishment of free trade zone in Fujian, Tianjin and Guangdong [13]. Such investments would be eventually moving to western area through Belt and road initiative of country. Manufacturing sub sectors target: One of the most important objective of the five year plan is to enhance the total factor productivity by shifting innovative led growth from capital accumulated led growth. Under the banner of supply side reform, innovation has increased in last two years. Opening up is another strategy of this particular plan that incorporates dual strategy formation for encouraging Chinese business to make investment in other countries such as Australia and compete at global level accompanied by attracting foreign investments into the country. An alternative concept of economic integration is promoted by China through building of multilateral development banks and Belt and Road initiative [15]. The guiding principle under this plan is one belt and one road. Distinguishing short term and long-term turmoil is important that is nurtured by exacerbated financial speculators and international investors collective pessimism. It is an initiative that is led by China is one of the critical area of global g rowth in foreseeable future. Provisions for encouraged economic growth is provided by 13th Five year plan mainly in Western areas of China. Industries from foreign countries are provided opportunities to make investment in such areas as they are underdeveloped. Such industries involve construction, retail sector and other retail services. New markets will be created that will provide opportunities for urban developments, financial services, transport, high tech manufacturing industries, infrastructure, finance and e commerce [16]. It is believed by Chinese government that the basis for financial globalization alternative model is the multi polar monetary system that would help in supporting multilateral infrastructure projects. Future transformation of IMS that is international monetary system into multilateral system is the grand design for achieving the above mentioned objective. The transformation structure would be based under the auspices reformed International monetary fund based on institutionalized monetary coordination. Global financial cycle counter cycle needs would be managed by issuing of special deposit rights and radical reformation of quota system. Chinese authorities have perceived that monetary basis of transformation of global finance is the international monetary system evolution. Over capacities in heavy industries of China would be reduced by making investment in infrastructure throughout Asia. Despite huge amounts of saving, world economy is suffering from colossal lack of infrastructure and slow growth[17]. Therefore, financial system of China should be overhauled and there should be massive increment in the capacity of public development banks for making investment in infrastructure. The funding of long maturity and large sized projects is done prominently by public development banks which will help in generating positive externalities. Such banks are mandatory to fianc and funds such large projects and capital of such projects is owned by national and international financially credible sovereign entities. Therefore, funds can be borrowed at lower cost from international bond markets. The governance of investment projects from countries such as Australia is assisted by development banks as they have expertise in selecting. For the choice of techniques and localization of investments made in infrastructure are done by such banks in partner with the investment projects. One of the preferred tool for sustainable development in emerging economies such as China is linking of central banks with development banks. Development banks helps in financing the cost of infrastructure projects in coordination with managing risks at different levels[18]. Asian international infr astructure bank is one such bank that has been created under leadership of China with public shareholders. Financing of new economic routes from Europe to China are Silk Road banks. The new strategy of opening up of investment is leading to outflow of capital in the form of foreign direct investments. Meanwhile, trade surplus has been reduced due to related increase in cost of labour and redeployment of domestic production to domestic demand. The growing internationalization Chinese firms and financing of infrastructures in Asia due to structural demand has the likelihood of creating investment opportunities for Australia. Private domestic agents would add foreign currency holding and foreign debt repayment along with speculative moves generated by valuation effect [19]. There has been dramatic change in the structure of balance of payments and there is requirement of steady capital inflows by China in the absence of large surplus of current account to offset the outflow of money. In this regard, it is considered crucial to efficient regulation and development of capital markets in China. Internationalization of Chinese currency is one of the ambitious step for restructuring of the financial sector. For the purpose of accommodating the challenge of transition and achieving long-term objectives of this pattern of globalization, it is essential for Chinese government to decide on the way it should proceeds. The long run ambition of China requires an independent monetary policy and free flow of capital and one of the logical consequence is flexible exchange rate regimes. At the same time, Chinese government is required to retain a mix of capital controls and preserving monetary policy autonomy by managing exchange rate regime against currency basket. Observers and market participants are required to understand the position of monetary policy. China has requirement of Western markets in the same way as such nations requires huge consumer market of China[20]. The construction trade facilitation and free trade zone has made a breakthrough. The ministry of Commerce has furth er deepened trade and economic cooperation with foreign countries that would actively propel joint building of silk belt. Laws applicable to Australian business operating in China. Various laws are applicable for the foreign investors seeking to make investment and doing business Australia. Modern system of property rights will be improved under this plan for ensuring well defined ownership, rights and interest protection under all forms of entities. There is improvement in market regulatory and anti-monopoly laws for ensuring standardization and unification [21]. Sound codes of regulatory and conducts methods are established and compulsory standards are established for workplace, quality of products, environmental impacts, consumption and energy. The principle of law based taxation will be fully implemented and system of taxation will be optimized [22]. This plan helps in understanding the economic future of country from both internal and external view point. Public private partnership- China has experimented with public private partnership for quite ling time. However, many foreign investors have been deterred from investing or conducting business on partnership basis. The reasons are attributable to the fact of perceived risk and due to long contract length. Management measures on franchised operations on public utilities and infrastructure is implemented by NDRC for protecting the investment of private and foreign companies. As per the 13th Five year plan, private capital is sought for public infrastructure and is aimed at reducing restrictions for market access for private investment in public operations and infrastructure [23]. Loan contracts- Under the 13th five year plan, loans and technical assistance have been approved by Asian development bank to increase the distribution and energy generation. Investors can enter into loan contracts under article 196 -211. Under article 202, lender must provide accounting reports. Under article 204, People bank of China is liable for stipulating the interest applicable to all loans that are provided by financial institutions[24]. Donation contracts- The budget and planning process of large number of projects by increasing number of operating agencies in association with donors. Development is supported by mobilizing extra budgetary funds from donor community operating internationally. Under article 191, a donor community is not liable for any defects in gifts. Under the current plan, state government of China is cooperating with INGO and NGO for funding small loans to agricultural producers [25]. When Australian business are provided with the opportunities of doing business in China by opening up the potential. Firms and sectors to establish their business in China are exposed to competition laws of both trading countries. In some case, it is certainly possible that business might not be acquainted and familiar with the knowledge of laws operating in each country. This raises the possibility of getting exposed to risk of non-compliances. The ministry of commerce must be notified about specified notification threshold under China Anti-monopoly law merger and acquisition. Transactions pertaining to such merger and acquisitions cannot be completed or closed without the clearance obtained from Ministry of commerce. In event of companies failing to notify any transactions can impose a penalty of half a million RMB. There are few merger filings from Australian companies resulting from small amount of revenues generated from such companies operating in China. Implementation of ChAFTA would help in increasing business activities of Australian companies[26]. ChAFTA has the possibility of merging of Chinse companies with their Australian counterparts by entering into joint ventures. Joint ventures are direct provisions of civil law that are divided into three categories. There are several types of joint ventures in which Australian companies can enter into partner with China such as corporate, contractual, partnership and partnership enterprise laws that are regulated under laws of Chinese government. Chinese merger filing threshold will be reached by more Australian companies due to increased exports to China from Australia. For the first time, China opened its market for overseas private fund managers in year 2016 by joint ventures and allowing wholly foreign owned investors [28]. This would help in raising capital in stock market and private companies. 13 five year plan has the target set for year 2020 that would enhance measures for enabling and promoting business environment that would reduce the cost of doing business in terms of easing registration, regulatory reform and requirement of licence for promoting the foreign as well as domestic investors. This would help in improving the working of land registries and courts, simplifying regulations and amending laws[29]. There would be enforcement of legal instruments and property rights. The effective implementation of development plan is aimed at eliminating conflicting regulations and laws. For supporting socio economic transformation and envisaged industrialization needs to review Village land act for elimination conflicts with other laws[30]. Conclusion: The pattern of globalization is likely to be changed by transformation of economy of China over the next twenty years. Globalization is entering new stage driven by the redeployment of growth into domestic and international markets. Supporting infrastructure investment massively will help in proving momentum of deeper integration. Huge change in incipient regime leads to assertiveness of China in politics and world markets. China has the objective of developing political, economic, technological, cultural and financial relationship for securing global public goods to cooperate politically. The progress of reforms of economic liberalization has been sceptic due to general global economic uncertainty, stock market volatility and Renminbi depreciation during third and second quarter of year 2015. However, in spite of this uncertainty, it is strongly believed that there is high chance of occurrence of liberalization due to significant market potential of China. On the global front, Chine se government has remained active in securing trade deals in support for the establishment of Asian infrastructure investment bank and one belt one road project. Free trade zone is the platform for liberalizing the markets for foreign investors interests and a very small proportion of capital markets is represented in such zone. Concerns of foreign interests would be eased by more consistent free market. Some of the areas that could be explored for opening up the opportunities for foreign business activities and financial trading include information, trade, professional services and logistics. New foreign investors intending to do business in China would face several challenge in terms of project financing. Challenge would be faced in terms of infrastructure investment opportunities. References and Bibliography: A One-Speed World: 2017 Value Creators Report(2017)https://www.bcg.comhttps://www.bcg.com/en-in/publications/2017/engineering-construction-infrastructure-value-creators-report-one-speed-world.aspx Aggarwal and Urata,Bilateral trade agreements in the Asia-Pacific: Origins, evolution, and implications(Routledge, 2012) Agrifutures.Com.Au(2017)Agrifutures.com.auhttps://www.agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/rirdc_ar1516_final-8.pdf Assets.Kpmg.Com(2017)Assets.kpmg.comhttps://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/06/china-outlook-2016-v1.pdf Ayodele and Sotola, China in Africa: An evaluation of Chinese investment.(Initiative for Public Policy Analysis, pp.1-20. 2014) Berger, Busse, Nunnenkamp, and Roy, Do trade and investment agreements lead to more FDI? 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The poem Gujarati Essay Example For Students

The poem Gujarati Essay The speaker in Search for My Tongue by Sujata Bhatt describes to us what it feels like to speak and think in two languages. She wonders whether she might lose her mother tongue (her original language) as she lives in a foreign country, where it is not main language. However as she sleeps, she dreams that the mother tongue remains a part of her identity. By the end, she has resolve that it will always be a part of who she really is. The poem begins with a conversational tone, which is appropriate as it is about language and communication. The first-person speaker addresses the reader, you, who has the question that prompts the rest of the poem. The speaker asks the reader to imagine having two tongues in your mouth; this is how Bhatt perceives the problem. The unconscious relation of language to the tongue is common, as it is one of the crucial organs we use when speaking. We will write a custom essay on The poem Gujarati specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The speaker tells us that her tongue has been lost, but what she means is her original language has been lost. Used colloquially lost my tongue,(2) means that someone does not know what to say or is tongue-tied (an image that will manifest itself graphically later in the poem). The notion of having two actual tongues in your mouth provides a sensation of equivalent strong discomfort felt by someone living in a foreign language environment. The nature of this discomfort is displayed in line 5-6. Her original language long atrophied from disuse, is what she feels comfortable with. The foreign tongue (7) that becomes her adopted voice is one that she has little command over. The imagery in lines 10-14 is quite shocking and grotesque. The mother tongue decaying, she imagines it might rot and die in her mouth(13), as the foreign language begins to consume her. The middle section of the poem is written in Gujarati. This whole section occurs while she is dreaming. For most people reading this poem, Gujarati will be a dream-like language. It has exoticness and striking visual presence in comparison to the English alphabet that is the norm. The letters may look alien and foreign looking, but a clever use of irony is being employed here. This is her language. What it looks like to the English-only speaker is what English must have looked like to her. Another reason for the inclusion of the Gujarati section is that it gives a first hand representation of the two languages in her life. Looking at the curvaceous shape of the Gujarati letters, (although no credit to Bhatt) and comparing them to the angular nature of the English letters, one can visualise how her mother tongue can tie, the other tongue in knots (34). At her lowest when she feels that she is losing her identity, her language triumphantly asserts itself. That which is lost is found. The poet develops her idea by using an extended metaphor; she compares her tongue to a plant. The plant is a metaphor for the tongue, which itself has earlier been used as a (conventional) metaphor, for speech. Like a plant it, its rots and dies because it is in the wrong environment. But in her dreams it grows(31), it has the ability nurture itself and become longer(32) which could be an indication of her vocabulary expanding. The strong veins(32-33) show that her tongue is becoming vitalised and tougher. The extended metaphor helps the reader to appreciate the poets feelings of her original language. It shows that she prefers her own language, the beauty and spectacular nature of the flower blossoming compliments the beauty of her language. .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 , .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 .postImageUrl , .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 , .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1:hover , .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1:visited , .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1:active { border:0!important; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1:active , .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1 .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf1cd89afc5a5028e24350d9bf8111e1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparison Essay - The Pieces of Silver The Red BallThe structure of the poem is very interesting. Bhatt represents her shared culture and language by the way the poem is presented on the page. The middle section of the poem is written in Gujarati. This is framed on either side by her English language. Therefore, the Gujarati voice is presented as a shared part of her English voice (and all of this is how the poem works as a poem, the medium. In this case the medium mirrors the message: the poems presentation on the page, one voice within another, mirrors the significance of the poem). This poem concerns itself with the predicament that Asians raised in the West find themselves with. Being part of both cultures and moving between two languages can sometimes mean that one genuinely feels part of neither. There is conflict between the original language and the language she has adopted in the foreign country and this represents the conflict between cultural identities. The search for the tongue that has been lost through neglect is therefore mirrored by the search for cultural identity. In Nothings Changed, by Tatamkhulu Afrika, the speaker has returned to a deserted and desolate District Six, finding only the odd building indicating that white people now inhabit the area. District Six is (was) a famous residential district, situated at the foot of Table Mountain in Cape Town, South Africa. It was a lively working-class neighbourhood, home to a large multi-cultural population. Many artists, musicians and other creative people lived there also. In 1966 the South African government declared District Six as a whites only area, and began to evacuate the population. Over the years the complete area has been destroyed and physically deteriorated. It has never been redeveloped despites its prime location and is a key reminder of the apartheid years. (District Six Museum) The poem depicts a society where the rich and the poor are divided. This division is parallel to the division between the whites and blacks. The vehicle that Afrika uses to illustrate this division is the place of eating. The up-market(22) inn that is new(22) is somewhere where the white people come to eat. It is described to be brash with glass(17). The use of brash signifies the mood of the speaker: anger. There is more pain and the feeling of exclusivity is magnified if he can see what is happening inside, the higher, richer standard of living that the white people enjoy and what he is being excluded from. He feels offended that proprietors of the restaurant want to maintain the racial divide. The sign flaring like a flag(18) reinforces the speakers rage. The crudeness is emphasised and it seems out of place. The harsh consonantal sounds of flaring and flag show also how the speaker feels. The building squats(19) is quite a comical image, but there is also the element of underlying rage ever present. Again the feeling that the inn does not really belong there is felt and the blunt consonants echo the poets anger. The elegance of the linen tablecloths and the tables each with a single rose(32) is contrasted with the common and grungy, working mans cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½(34). It is not haute cuisine(23) that they serve but bunny chow(35) a cheap and filling take-away food eaten mainly by the poor. There is no formality or a worry about etiquette, no linen(31), but the food is eaten straight from a plastic top, and there is nowhere to wash ones hands after eating: wipe your fingers on your jeans(48).