Grammer :: essays papers

Grammer ADVERBS & HELPER VERBS ~the purpose is to show where, when, how, or to what degree ~adverbs are words ending in ly Adverbs not ending in ly: all, almost, also, always, away, ever, forward, later, maybe, most, never, nevertheless, now, not, often, only, onward, perhaps, sometime(s), soon, then, too, very, up helper verbs: be, am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, have been, has been, had been, shall, will, do, did, may, can, must, might, could, would, should PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES some of the most common prepositions: about, above, according to, across, after, against, along, among, as, at, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, into, like, near, of, off, on, on account of, outside, outside of, over, past, since, through, to, toward, under, until, up, upon, with, within, without, Examples: 1. (For many years) the lighthouse has been the most famous landmark (along the coast.) 2. It has warned (ships at sea)(of the countless dangers)( from the fog storm.) PRONOUNS subject: Object: I me he him

The Changing Family Revealed in Grapes of Wrath Essay -- Grapes Wrath

The Changing Family Revealed in Grapes of Wrath  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   The emphasis on family in America is decreasing. Divorce rates, single-parent households, and children born out of wedlock are all increasing. Furthermore, instead of the network of aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, and other relatives that was prevalent in early America, Americans today are more distant from their extended family. As sociologist David Elkind said in a 1996 interview with Educational Leadership, "Instead of togetherness, we have a new focus on autonomy. The individual becomes more important than the family" (4). This means that one of the basic needs of humanity, belongingness and love, is very likely going unfilled in many people.    The changing family isn't a new issue.   John Steinbeck began to explore the changes taking place in the family during the Great Depression in The Grapes of Wrath. Though the book has many layers and themes, one of the major one's is the changing family. In 1933, six years before publishing the Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck wrote a letter to George Albee saying, "[Man] also arranges himself into larger units, which I have called the phalanx" (Life in Letters, 79). He cites religion, the MOB, and various war-time armies as examples of a phalanx, but surely the family unit falls into the category of larger, interconnected groups of people. In the Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck explores the need for family and the changing family structure through the lens of a Great Depression era family, the Joads.    That the Joad family mutates due to their trials is undoubtable. What the Joads were like originally can only be imagined. By the beginning of the novel, the family has already lost its home and had to move in wi... ...ace in the World. New York: New York University Press, 1993. * Morrow, Jeff. Personal Interview. April 23, 1998. * Noble, Donald R. ed. The Steinbeck Question: New Essays in Criticism. Troy, New York, 1993. * Pipher, Mary. Reviving Ophelia. New York: Ballantine Books, 1994. * Steinbeck, John. A Life in Letters. New York: Penguin Books, 1969. * Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin Books, 1930. * Swerdlow, Amy, et al. Families in Flux. New York: The Feminist Press,1989. * Timmerman, John H. John Steinbeck's Fiction: The Aesthetics of the Road Taken. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. * Weiten, Wayne. Psychology: Themes and Variations, Third Edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1997. * Wyatt, David ed. New Essays on The Grapes of Wrath. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Use of Interpreters in Psychological Therapy with Deaf Patients Essay

The use of psychological therapy or what is sometimes called â€Å"talk-therapy† has proven to be an effective and worthwhile resource in countless lives in America. For most hearing people, once the decision to seek help is made, it’s a simple matter of showing up to a therapy appointment or walking into a clinic and asking for help. However, for the Deaf culture finding accessible and Deaf-friendly services, can be a challenge producing little results. One way this issue is currently addressed is through the use of interpreters who help facilitate communication between a hearing professional and Deaf person. Therefore, the ideas discussed, reviewed the benefits and challenges of using interpretation when a Deaf person seeks counseling. The objective was to examine what role an interpreter may play in the process, in addition to the communication aspect between the hearing and Deaf. The goal in any therapeutic setting is to assist a client with gaining effective tools to have a healthy, meaningful life, provide emotional support and offer advice. Therapy does involve â€Å"†¦transition and change, which can be anxiety producing for any client† (Williams and Abeles, p 645). In addition to expressing feelings, needs and experiences, communication can and is being expressed through non-verbal queues, whether the individual has the ability to speak or not. Examples of non-verbal queues could include: posture, strong emotions, and rate of breath. These language queues are common to people, however the use of sign language is not universal language. â€Å"While it would be ideal to be able to match deaf patients with therapists fluent in their preferred language mode, this is often not feasible in smaller centers† (Porter, 1999, 163). Counselors seek... ...he Deaf and hearing (Williams, Abeles, p 643). A common mistake in mental health is assuming deaf clients are poor candidates for psychotherapy. By understanding the specific issues and working with Deaf interpreters, this service can remain a powerful stepping-stone in the rehabilitation of the Deaf seeking help in mental health services. Works Cited McCay Vernon, APA for Deafness, American Psychologist, November 2006 Porter, A. (1999). Sign-language interpretation in psychotherapy with deaf patients. American Journal of Psychotherapy. 53, 2. Health Module. Pg. 163. Sheridan, M. (2009) Bookreview of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Deaf and Hearing Persons with Language and Learning Challenges. Williams, C. and Abeles, N. (2004) Issues and Implications of Deaf Culture in Therapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. Vol 35, No. 6 643-648.

Pitbulls Should Be Banned

The issue whether pitbulls should be banned has been prominent in the media in recent weeks since poor Ayen Chol was brutally attacked. In the letter to the editorial ‘these dogs are guns without a safety catch’ published in the Herald sun, on the 19/08/11, by Leanne Pelen contends that pitbulls are vicious, savage, dangerous animals that need to be banned by the government. In an outraged tone, the article targets those who own pitbulls as well the government officials who make the laws about dogs, in a bid to get them to see that pitbulls are vicious killers who are to have no pace in our society.Throughout the article the writer uses a number of persuasive devices in order to manipulate the audience's response. These include metaphors, anecdotal evidence, repetition, rhetorical question, attack and emotive language. In the heading, one example of a persuasive technique used is that of a metaphor. A metaphor is when the author makes association with a vivid image. An e xample of this technique throughout the article include: â€Å"these dogs are guns without a safety catch on†.It manipulates the reader in creating a sense of fear by using the powerful image of a dangerous deadly weapon and associating this image with pitbulls such quotes have left the reader to believe that pitbulls are dangerous, vicious, brutal dogs that should be banned. Another example of a persuasive technique used that is of attack to the government, an attack is when the author position the reader to agree that if an individual is flawed, their messages must be to, an example of this technique throughout the article include ‘has the law gone mad? and ‘How little the government will protect us.. ’ this attack makes the reader feel outraged that the government in doing little to help the community. The author uses emotive language to describe the bravery of her husband and the innocence of the young girl Ayen Chol. An example of this highly emotive l anguage throughout the article include: â€Å"acting so bravely without thought of his own safety†, this quote make the reader feel admiration of how the husband’s brave action and relief that he was there in order to prevent a atastrophic event for his family . Another use of this highly emotive language include: where the other victim young Ayen Chol was described as â€Å"poor little girl†, the use of â€Å"poor little girl† makes the reader feel sympathy for a young victim barely started her life, the author creates a petrifying image â€Å"as she frantically tries to fight off the dog†, â€Å"as she clung to her mother’s leg† the author also manipulates the reader in feeling penetrating grief that this disparaging attack could’ve been avoided had happen in someone’s lounge room.With a series of highly emotive language, for example the terms used to describe the dogs as â€Å"these vicious dogs†, â€Å"savage ly behaviour†, and their â€Å"murderous aggression†. Not only does the author use these words she also inclines the reader to see that these dogs are nothing but dangerous ruthless killers with no mercy, and to agree with the author in asserting that these dogs should be banned. Reference to the well-known authority of RSPCA state president Hugh Wirth sways us to accept that these dogs are indeed ruthless creates as he describes the pit bulls as â€Å"killing machines†.Dr Stephen Tate, a veterinarian and director of the Bureau of Animal Welfare at the Department of Primary Industries says â€Å"pit bulls were specifically bred to be dangerous when they attack. This predisposes the reader that also the experts know that pit bulls are vicious, brutal and dangerous. The author concludes this article with a rhetorical question â€Å"when will these people learn that we need to treat these breeds like guns without a safety catch on†, this rhetorical question is also a repetition of the metaphor which appeared in the headline.

Persuasive Memorandum Essay

Under Armour has established itself as a highly successful sports wear brand, the reason for its success is the fact that products manufactured by U.A are designed with full understanding of an athlete’s needs. The U.A’s branded store at Annapolis appears to be highly popular among sports enthusiasts as it offers them a unique opportunity to experience the entire range of U.A’s products 2 The sales associates at the Annapolis store are a highly knowledgeable team, and possess an in-depth knowledge of U.A’s extensive product line. Presently our sales associates are highly capable of assisting customers in choosing the right product for an intended purpose, however there is a need to retrain our sales team so that in addition to addressing the customers intended purpose, they can determine the customers physical condition or body type and recommend a product that ideally suits the customer. Why does U.A need to retrain its Sales Associates? No two individuals can ever be same so a product that suits one person’s body type may not necessarily suite the others body type. For instance when a customer asks for a pair running shoe, our sales associates will be capable of showing them the complete range of running shoes, and then let the customer take his pick. In order to guarantee customer satisfaction it is essential to determine the customers foot type, whether he/she has a supinator, pronator or neutral arched foot 3. This knowledge will help the sales associate to recommend a shoe that is most likely to provide optimal fit and maximize performance. In the same way other products such as inner wear need to confirm to the wearer’s physical condition in order to ensure an optimal fit and comfort, hence a retraining programme is required to develop these skills among our sales associates. Advantages of the retraining programme The retraining programme will add value to the Under Armour brand, people will begin to identify the brand as one that truly assists athletes in achieving superior performance. Customer satisfaction levels may increase, because when customers are given a product that suits both their need and their body type, there is seldom room for complaints. The retraining programme will make the sales associate more confident and help them to increase their knowledge base, and learn more about newly introduced product categories such as footwear which was launched in April 2006 4. The concept of providing high level technical assistance to buyers will serve as an addition to the company’s U.S.P’s (Unique Selling Points), this may lead to increase in company’s retail sales. Major Concerns related to the retraining programme A primary concern related to the retraining programme is that, it will effect the operations across several departments. Revision and up gradation of the existing product training programme will require collaborated effort from product design department and the training department hence this may effect normal operations of the product design department, however the advantages of the retraining programme will far outweigh minor inconveniences that shall be encountered in the process of implementing this idea. Concerns about the training programme hampering the store operations can be taken care of by dividing the sales associates into maximum number of small batches, this will ensure that sufficient staff is available at the store while each batch in turn undergoes intensive product training. It is hoped that the retraining programme will help in creation of a highly skilled sales force capable of providing the customers with a unique shopping experience.

The Cellmate

â€Å"The Cellmate† by Crystal Arbogast â€Å"The Cellmate† is a text by Crystal Arbogast, and the story is set in a small town called Whitesburg Kentucky in the USA. The story takes place in the summer of 1925, and includes a protagonist and two important supporting characters. The title obliviously indicates that the story will have something to do with a cellmate; therefore we can say that the title is some sort of foreshadowing. Crystal Arbogast has used the third person limited as point of view, and furthermore her style of writing is quite detailed.Some of the themes in this short story are prejudice, death penalty or the fact that there has to be a co-existence between the good and the bad in the world. The plot is about Andy, a man who lives in Whitesburg who is known for his homemade liquor. On this exact Indian summer day in 1925 there is only one thing that seems to disturb the inner peace of our protagonist, and that is the fact that a young man called Lloyd is in prison for having killed a woman and for this reason is sentenced to death the following day.As Lloyd does not fit Andy’s idea of a killer, he continues to wonder whether he really killed this poor woman and if so, perchance someone else had anything to do with the murder. In the story some townspeople ponder that Lloyd’s mother, Annie, was the one who persuaded him to kill that woman. Later in the afternoon Andy is bound to pass the night in the same cell as the killer Lloyd, due to the sheriff’s amusement. In the following morning Lloyd was executed. Later when Andy was released, he decided to take care of Lloyd’s dearest possession; his horse, which was Lloyd’s last wish.The story begins with the author describing the beautiful nature and landscape of Whitesburg, which she also describes as â€Å"truly God’s country†. Moreover she uses the literary device circular composition, which means that the opening and the finish is s omehow linked together; in this story it is the beginning’s sunrise which is joined to the ending’s sunset. The sun can be a symbol of life, and by starting and ending with this powerful symbol, we could interpret that life will go on no matter what. There will always be a day after tomorrow.Additionally, the opening tells us that Andy sees Whitesburg Kentucky as â€Å"truly God’s country†, whereas, the ending shows us humanity at its worst and best. Andy represents the goodwill in humans, and takes on the burden of a young man’s last wish, for no other reason than feeling sorry for Lloyd. However there will always be people like the sheriff and Lloyd’s mother, and these are the people who most likely are unaware to the pleasure of helping others or the touching joy of sunrises and sunsets.There are three characters that stood out the most, and those are the protagonist Andy Sturgil and the two supporting characters, the Sheriff and Lloyd. A ndy Sturgil is an interesting character, because he is dynamic. In the opening we learn that he brews his own liquor, and the fact that the Sheriff is onto him, makes Andy look like a carefree and chancy man. On the other hand, he is the one in the story that shows empathy and compassion towards the â€Å"killer† (Lloyd), Andy is truly a goodhearted man. Men do not show emotions, however the story portrayed some quiet feelings.However, perhaps the most interesting character is Lloyd, caused by his role in this short story. Lloyd gives the impression of having a child mentality and it appears as he is non-violent, and for this reason I find it hard to believe that he could have killed that woman, without someone pulling the strings. And then there is the Sheriff, who is a power-hungry and egocentric man, and the towns bully. Besides it looks as if the Sheriff actually feels threatened by Andy, perhaps because Andy is a cherished man in his town.

Nursing Shortage And Nursing Turnover

Nursing shortage is a phenomenon that is affecting nurses and the provision of adequate patient care in today’s health care industry. Nursing shortage is said to occur when the demand for employment of nurses is far greater than the number of nurses willing to be employed at that time (Huber, 2010). According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (A. A. C. N. ), â€Å"the nursing shortage is expected to increase as baby boomers age, and the need for health care increases† (A. A. C. N. , 2013, Para 1). In the United States, Registered Nurses (R. N.) make up the largest recorded working population of the health care profession, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that 2. 7 percent of the workforce comprises of nurses compared to 3. 6 percent in the last 6 years (A. A. C. N. , 2013). This decrease is attributed to the current shortage and high turnover of nurses. This current trend in the nursing profession has a great effect on the provision of healt h care because it has reduced the quality of care of patients, increased accidents amongst patients, absenteeism rates and staffing among others.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the causes of nurse turnover and shortage, find out ways nurse leaders and managers may resolve this problem, and also to discuss the writer’s own personal and professional philosophy of nursing regarding this issue. Nursing shortage is also evident by the reduction in the availability of new nurses, inadequate staffing to meet the high demanding in patients’ needs, to mention but a few. Healthcare organizations need regular, dependable, highly efficient and fully involved staff to provide excellent patient care at all levels.Therefore nursing leaders and managers are highly depended upon in changing this current trend of shortage and turnover of nurses affecting the healthcare profession (Hunt, 2009). Nurses’ turnover on the other hand is described as the loss of a nursing employ ee as a result of transfer, termination, or resignation (Huber, 2010. Pg. 598). It is also estimated that healthcare organizations lose about $300,000 every year as result of turnover of nurses (Hunt, 2009).The major causes of nursing turnover include increased work load on the unit, poor leadership style, lack of role clarity, non-recognition for good performances, contributions and capabilities, poor communication on the side of leaders and managers concerning critical issues that affects working in the units, lack of career opportunity and advancement, lack of team work, tight work schedule and inflexibility that does not match job needs, job that is too physically demanding, to mention but a few (Hunts, 2009).Nurse turnovers have been noted to increase when there are nursing shortages, and they have both economic and non-economic impacts. However there are solutions that when applied may reduce such impacts such as increasing educational and community outreach programs to increa se awareness of nursing as a possible profession, providing educational re-imbursement to help existing employees obtain nursing degrees, increasing compensation and benefits, supporting flexible scheduling, and job sharing (Hunts, 2009). The behaviors of the nurse managers / leaders play a major role in the retention of nurses in a healthcare organization.They are responsible for hiring applicants and maintaining staff retention. These behaviors include encouraging staff to lifelong learning; inspiring staff education efforts like the tuition reimbursement, make sure staff has access to education and training opportunities, enabling high quality of staff recruitment and selection, and mentoring professional development amongst employees (Huber, 2010). The role of the nurse leader is to influence people to achieve goals. In case of nurse shortage and nurse turnover, the activity of the leader becomes more important.The leader creates and communicates a sense of purpose, discovers ne w ways to hire and retain nurses. The nurse manager on the other hand integrates and coordinates resources by developing staff friendly schedules, ensure that there are adequate staff on the floors at all times, make decisions that benefit the team, and delegate tasks (Hunts, 2009). The leader motivates the nursing staff, builds trust and sustains commitment; helps develop leaders while the manager makes sure that the workload is not too heavy as this increases the stress level of staff, and result in staff turnover (Huber, 2010).Furthermore the nurse managers need to be physically present in the unit at all times to provide support and assistance in times of need, and effort should also be made in hiring adequate and appropriate mix of RNs and assistive personnel (Huber, 2010). Leadership at all levels must come together to combat these problems, while offering long lasting solutions to attract people into nursing. The profession must be communicated as a positive, satisfying, and inspiring career. â€Å"Nursing must provide for a balanced work life, offer leadership opportunities in which nurses may hone their management skills, and createan environment in which young nurses may plan to move toward higher pay and better hours† (Huber, 2010, p587). The writer’s own personal and professional philosophy in approaching nurses’ shortage and turnover is provision of enough working staff on the units, and this can only be achieved by hiring nurses to fill up the vacant position. Careful attention should also be paid to workload, because this is one of the main reasons for nurse turnover. Nursing leaders and managers should be more empathic towards the plight of their staff; this shows the staff that someone cares.The work environment should be transformed by providing capable, top-level nursing leadership and understanding nursing supervision all through the organization; involving nurses in decisions that are related to patient care ; re-desig ning nurses work spaces to be more ergonomic and less physically demanding. â€Å"A culture of safety should be created; limiting nurses work hours; promote safe staffing levels; offering flexible work schedules and employment opportunities such as job sharing; and improving nurses wages† (Jones & Gates, 2007).When the leadership, management and staff works together, a lot of goals can be achieved. In conclusion, nurses play a major role in improving the financial capability in a healthcare organization. Therefore health care organizations should work together with nurse managers and leaders, in utilizing the solutions to resolve this growing trend of nurses’ turnover and shortage that is plaguing the nation’s health system, and impeding the ability of nurses to provide adequate care of their patients.