A Mentor Is A More Experienced Individual Nursing Essay

A Mentor Is A More Experienced Individual Nursing Essay My belief in mentoring is to let a mentee develop their skills and to progress professionally on their own rather than a mentor being directive. My idea is in line with Hawkey, (1998, p.665, in Harrison, Dymoke Pell, 2004, p.1065) that mentoring is about mentors giving help to develop mentees skills. However, a mentor plays many roles in the life of a mentee and the mentor role has been defined in various different ways. Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD, 2010) has pointed out, for example, that mentoring is a reciprocal professional learning relationship between the mentor and mentee on what happens in the classroom. In short, mentoring is typically viewed and presented as the process of supporting and guiding the mentee with the aim of helping them to progress professionally. Mentoring has featured in a variety of ways throughout my professional life as an educator. As a first time mentor, it was quite difficult to be a mentor though I am still learning to become more confident and an effective mentor. However, I became interested in unpicking the concepts and practices of mentoring in direct response to my role, which demands me to be more critically aware of the process in order to support my mentee effectively. I have had the good fortune of being both a mentee and now a mentor. In an effort to help build the best mentoring relationship possible, both mentor and mentee need to see if they can communicate with each other since this is an important aspect in the mentor relationship. Pittenger and Heimann, (2000) explores this mentor relationship in George Mapilly (2012) advocating that mentoring relationships require mentor and mentee to engage in challenging activities, utilizing new skills (p.140). Being a first time mentor, it was vital to my continuing practice that I critically examine my own practice in relation to my mentee, since being a critically reflective mentor would help me à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to define a way of thinking that accepts uncertainty and acknowledges dilemmas (Dewey, 1933, 1938; King Kitchener, 1994; Sparks-Langer Colton, 1991; Zehm Kottler, 1993, in Larrivee B. 2000, p294). The purpose of this assignment is to provide information about effective mentoring practice and to suggest how mentors and mentees can get the best out of a mentoring relationship which is highlighted by Holloway and White (1994), by emphasizing that there is a need for an unbiased relationship to enable the mentee to effectively explore their own development (in Woodd, 1997 p.335). The assignment will further evaluate my own practice in peer- mentoring a member of my own department. We both teach Home- Economics and I have been working alongside her for four years. My mentee is an experienced teacher who has been teaching for four years, the same as me. After I arranged a day and time to go observe my mentee, she asked me if we could meet before the class to give me a brief overview about the class. We discussed class size and level. We also briefly discussed the activities that they were going to be doing that day. This initial meeting was important to make her feel at ease (Maynar d, 2000). Basically, the outcomes of my mentoring relationship depended on the interpersonal qualities of both mentor and mentee. Through the mentoring relationship the mentee could achieve guidance practice (Harrison, Dymoke Pell, 2004, p.1058) provided by the mentor. An effective mentor involved being a reflective practitioner (Schà ¶n, 1983, in Russell T. 2005, p.199) as stated by Larrivee B. (2000) that becoming an effective teacher involves considerably more than accumulating skills and strategies. The first week lesson observation (see appendix 1) was not that easy for me as the teacher (mentee) was not feeling at ease and my presence was not highly appreciated. Roberts (2000) quotes Smith and Alfred in saying that it is extremely difficult to fulfill the role of mentorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (p.161). Therefore, mentors need to be good role models (Stammers, 1992, in Roberts, 2000, p. 159) who have the respect of their mentees and are held in good regard for their personal attributes. I hold the opinion that my engagement as a mentor was not as effective as I would have liked in the initial period of mentoring. So, the ability to critically analyze my own performance and to seek ways to improve was fundamental. Hence, being engaged in reflective practice could help to improve professionally and is a great way to increase confidence. I recognised therefore and decided to look closely at Gibbs reflective cycle (Gibbs, 1988) so that I could use this as a better model for future meetings. I was new to the role of mentor and did not fully understand the challenges of mentoring as I was not demonstrating enough attention and support to my mentee. Only upon being engaged in the mentor-mentee relationship really opened my eyes to the potential of mentoring and the role I could play. Lester and Johnson (1981), envelop the holistic nature of mentoring by saying that mentoring is a one- to- one learning relationship between an an older person and a less experienced person based on a modelling of behaviour and extended dialogue between them. (in George Mampilly, 2012, p.137). With this increased understanding, I started to engage much better in my role. I was not there to answer all the questions but to listen and hopefully help my mentee find her own answers. As a mentor, I felt there was an obvious need to use a range of strategies that would enable my mentee to develop her skills. For a successful and productive mentoring relationship, it was important for both mentor a nd mentee to have a common view of their roles and to understand how to get the best out of the mentoring experience. Once I completed the Bell (2002), mentors scale, I realized that I am very kind- hearted and a generous person where I am inclined more to openness, sociability and less to dominance. This is significant, as I am open to criticism and this positively helped me while mentoring. I furthermore laid stress on the significance of communication as I would have failed as a mentor if there were communication barriers between us. It was very noteworthy for me that my mentee sensed as resolved as she could, as this shall aid to strongly build a hopeful mentor and mentee relationship. My mentee has been teaching the same length as me. Since my presence was not highly appreciated during the first week, I thought we should have a feedback meeting as soon as possible. It is identified by Waite, 1997; Hyland Lo, 2006; Copland, 2008a, in Copland (2010) that In order to perform these duties, tutors/mentors usually hold a feedback session with the trainee teacher after having observed them teaching ( p. 266). In the course of this meeting while questioning her, it became clear that she felt pressured due to my presence in the class. Therefore it was very important that I build her confidence by being as supportive as I could and wanted her to be independent. Korthagen Vasalos, (2005) claimed that many teacher educators use Kolbs model (Kolb Fry, 1975), which describes experiential learning as a cyclical process of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation (p.50). I followed the Kolb model of experiential learning (Kolb, 1984). This suggested that by going through the different stages of the learning cycle could help both mentor and mentee engage in professional learning development. As a result, mentors can thus help mentees develop the skills of reflective practice and acquire initial experiences (Russell T. 2005, p.199) On the other hand, a mentors responsibility is also to help another individual to address the major transitions or thresholds that the individual is facing (Megginson, 1994, in Woodds, 1997, p335). Mentors do not need to be perfect but they do need to be willing and able to grow in a relationship and build on mutual contributions where this role is seen as an occasion to learn from the mentee as well as providing training to her. During the second week observation (see appendix 2), I believe there was a shift in our relationship. We were encouraging each other with our own professional development and there was a new air of confidence surrounding us. As I assisted my mentee to develop her own professional practice, I was interested into improving my own mentoring skills (Coombs and Fletcher, 2005). Working in a collaborative way enabled me as a mentor to start finding solutions to the problems arising. Since a mentor is someone who imparts knowledge and experience and shares it with a less experienced person; he/ she acts as a guide (Roberts, 2000), master or advisor (Gibbs, 2003). Thus, the mentor also uses specific skills, frameworks and processes to develop insight and to promote change. In regard to knowledge development, good mentors are seen as sources of knowledge (Little, 1990, in Orland- Barak Hasin, 2009, p.429). In this respect, mentors access their theoretical knowledge and translate it for mento ring purposes in order to enhance the mentees teaching- learning processes (Ardery, 1990: Roberts, 2000, in Orland- Barak Hasin, 2009, p.429). The term mentor has been used for a number of different models, as I believe there are many factors that affect the role including the mentees level of experience and the time in the mentoring relationship. As a mentor I had encountered some difficulties in finding the best way to work with my mentee so I was keen to adopt a different approach to my mentoring relationship. If my skills of mentoring were lacking then my mentee might have received less support during mentoring relationship than she otherwise would have done. Yet, I veered more towards the directive approach and was offering suggestions rather than waiting for my mentee to come to her own conclusions. My focus was very much on the development of my interpersonal skills and practice. Nevertheless, it was in listening where I felt that there was actual development in my practice over the two observations. My understanding to a mentors role was that I should be a good listener (Cain, 2009, p.55) so that I enable my mentee to reflect on the actuality of her practice (John and Gilchrist, 1999, p.102). I was actually in the moment, listening to what was being said and then responding to it, rather than listening and trying to work out what was my own response to them might be. Likewise, the Mauritian Teaching Competencies 2.3 (See Appendix 6), teachers should be able to gain learners attention and be able to sustain their interests. My mentee used video lesson to gain the learners attention. Moreover, she did not meet the terms with the Mauritian Teaching Competencies 1.2.4 and 1.2.5 (see Appendix 6), which are: an understanding of the special needs of individual learners and of specific learning difficulties, an understanding of how to develop the thinking and problem solving skills of learners across the curriculum. She should pay attention to the development of literacy and numeracy skills in every subject, every lesson (DfES 2004, 3, p.2). It is imperative to highlight the features of each subject that need constant attention in order to boost performance and ensure progression. It is thus significant to realise what motivates lower-attaining students to learn and what methods could be used in in order to create motivation. By following the third observation (see appendix 3), there may be, therefore, a mismatch with a teacher who, as a qualified person, would wish to be able to make their own decisions about personal and professional development and about their pupils needs. In my communications with my mentee consequently made me feel assured by seeing her able to use appropriate teaching strategies relevant to the age, ability and attainment level of learners which is an area which is linked to Mauritian teaching competency 1.3.4 (see appendix 6). When I observed my mentee in class, she did engage the students in group work which was lacking during the first observation, conformed to the active engagement techniques (DfES, 2004, 11). My mentee involved the students in sharing their knowledge, ideas and perspectives and arrive at a fuller understanding than they might have done working alone (DfES, 2004, 11, p.5). In order for a successful mentoring relationship take place, I believe that skills and qu alities such as open communication (Bradbury Koballa, 2008, p.55), listening (Edwards and Collison, 1996, in Hobson, 2002, p.2135), mutual trust (Awaya et al., 2003, p.55) and being supportive should prevail. Mentoring and coaching provides a vital link with positive reflective practice. Throughout the mentoring relationship, there need to be a strong sense of self belief and efficacy, as goals can be realistically achieved. Through this experience, I managed to prove myself and help my mentee by not giving up. The foundation for being a good mentor is in building a good working relationship with the mentee. Achieving this one initial, important goal will solidly underpin every other aspect of mentoring. In mentoring, time is at a premium. As such, there should be effective use of time in order for good working relationships to be achieved as quickly as possible. However, to achieve this, the mentees first day and week should be managed in a productive and welcoming way (Maynard, 2 000, p.26), and furthermore the mentor should make use of good communication skills and active listening. The effective mentor does not feel that they are perfect nor that they know all the answers. They are real people who are still learning themselves but are willing to share what they do know. Good mentors are non- judgmental about their mentees and in being so are able to develop a relationship based upon trust and acceptance. Only in such an open and trusting atmosphere can a student really feel at ease and free to ask for help and to question. Perhaps the most useful communication skill in mentoring is that of active listening. I then proceeded with my fourth class observation (See Appendix 4). By identifying my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats helped me to develop and improve my own mentoring skills. For this assignment, a personal SWOT analysis (QuintCareers.Com) was developed where I reflected on my own development as a mentor. The SWOT analysis (see appendix 7) was then used to identify my personal development goals. The goals were centered on consolidating strengths and thinking about how best I could use them. The goals were also about overcoming my weaknesses, exploiting opportunities and nullifying threats. The personal SWOT analysis proved to be a useful tool for helping me to be self- reflective. As a consequence my aim as a mentor was to increase teacher effectiveness where while mentoring I assumed my responsibility to help mentee evaluate and overcome challenges in the classroom in order to become better teachers (Korthagen, 2004). Particularly, my idea is in line with Lopez-Rea l Kwan, (2005, in Kwan Lopez-Real, 2010) that in the process of mentoring, my own personal and professional understanding developed as I worked collaboratively and reflectively with my mentee (p. 724). When I observed my mentee in class, she portrayed an image of a teacher who stands at the front of the classroom and explaining things (Korthagen, 2004, p.81). Learning can be described as a process (Edwards Protheroe, 2003). The environment such as: school culture and classroom, where the learner will evolve is an important fact. Therefore, the teacher (mentee) has to act as a facilitator. The teacher has to be more students centered and lass dominant in the classroom. Thus the teachers approach to interaction with learners should be different. To some extent, my mentee have used engaged learning technique in the classroom. Basically, in terms of building prior knowledge of students, this is done by conducting a brainstorming session in class (DfES, 2004, 19)My mentee organised th e students into group so that they could discuss, plan, monitor and reflect on their work. As such they developed their thinking and problem solving skills. As a result, the role of the mentor became one of raising the ante by gradually (Edwards Protheroe, 2003, p. 231) facilitating the mentee to distinguish and answer to the difficulty of the situation even though, the mentee as learner is involved in practice. My first time as a mentor allowed me to learn a lot where I learnt about my individual development as a mentor. It has also helped me out to achieve the ability to challenge, motivate and reflect. In sum, if mentoring relationship is successful then inevitably the coach themselves will notice an increase in their own awareness. I feel that the process of trying to identify myself as a mentor has equipped me with skills which will serve me well both professionally and personally and I can say without doubt that the journey thus far has been very enlightening. This piece of work underlined, the significance of the affective in students school-based learning: the close relationship that exists between the personal and the professional (Furlong Maynard, 1995, in Maynard, 2000, p.29). In mentoring, mentee often discussed good practice and made reference to how mentors made them feel. For example, welcome, accepted, included, supported and recognised as an individual (Maynard, 2000). The way in which the mentee responded to me in this respect impacted on the mentor mentee relationship and eventually contributed to her success. There is absolutely a need for mentors to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to work effectively with the mentee.

Last Sacrifice Chapter Twenty-five

WE COULD ALREADY HEAR footsteps thundering through the house and knew we were seconds from the army downstairs heading up to the second floor. The three of us backed away, and to my surprise, it was Sydney who reacted first. â€Å"Get out. I'll distract them.' Her distracting them would probably just mean momentarily blocking their way until they pushed her aside, but those extra seconds could make a huge difference. Still, I couldn't stand the thought of abandoning her. Dimitri had no such reservations, particularly when we heard feet on the stairs. â€Å"Come on!' he shouted, grabbing hold of my arm. We raced down the hall to the farthest bedroom, Victor and Robert's. Just before we entered, I yelled back to Sydney, â€Å"Get Jill to Court!' I don't know if she heard because by the sounds of it, the guardians had reached her. Dimitri immediately opened the room's one large window and looked at me knowingly. As always, we needed no vocal communication. He jumped out first, no doubt wanting to take the full brunt of whatever danger waited below. I immediately followed. I dropped onto the first floor's roof, slid down it, and then made the longer drop to the ground. Dimitri caught my arm, steadying my landing–but not before one of my ankles twisted slightly in on itself. It was the same one that had taken the brunt of the fall outside Donovan's, and I winced as pain shot through me, pain I then promptly ignored. Dark figures moved toward us, emerging from evening shadows and hidden spots around the backyard. Of course. Guardians wouldn't just come busting down a door. They'd also have the place staked out. With our natural rhythm, Dimitri and I fought back-to-back against our attackers. Like usual, it was hard to incapacitate our foes without killing them. Hard, but necessary if we could manage it. I didn't want to kill my own people, people who were just doing their job to apprehend fugitives. The long dress didn't do me any favors either. My legs kept getting caught in the fabric. â€Å"The others will be out any minute,' Dimitri grunted, slamming a guardian to the ground. â€Å"We need to move–there. That gate.' I couldn't respond but followed his lead as we made our way to a door in the fence while still defending ourselves. We'd just taken out the backyard squad when more spilled from the house. We slipped through the gate, emerging onto a quiet side road flanking the Mastrano house, and ran. It soon became clear, however, that I couldn't keep up with Dimitri. My mind could ignore the pain, but my body couldn't make my injured ankle work properly. Without missing a beat, Dimitri slid his arm around me, helping me run and take the weight off the ankle. We turned off the road, cutting through yards that would make it more difficult–but not impossible–for them to track us. â€Å"We can't outrun them,' I said. â€Å"I'm slowing us down. You need to–‘ â€Å"Do not say leave you,' he interrupted. â€Å"We're doing this together.' Snick, snick. A flowerpot near us suddenly exploded into a pile of dirt and clay. â€Å"They're shooting at us,' I said incredulously. â€Å"They're actually shooting at us!' With so much hand-to-hand training, I always felt like guns were cheating. But when it came to hunting down a queen-killing murderer and her accomplice? Honor wasn't the issue. Results were. Another bullet zinged by, dangerously close. â€Å"With a silencer,' said Dimitri. â€Å"Even so, they'll be cautious. They don't want the neighborhood thinking it's under attack. We need cover. Fast.' We might've been literally dodging bullets, but my ankle wouldn't last much longer. He made another sharp turn, completely immersing us in suburban backyards. I couldn't look behind us, but I heard shouting voices that let me know we weren't free yet. â€Å"There,' said Dimitri. Ahead of us was a dark house with a large glass patio reminiscent of Sonya's. The glass door was open, though a screen blocked the way inside. Dimitri tugged on its latch. Locked. But a screen was hardly a deterrent for us. Poor, trusting family. He took out his stake and slashed a long, vertical line that we hastily slipped through. Immediately, he jerked me to the side, out of view. He put a finger to his lips, holding me close to his body, shattering me in his warmth. Seconds later, we saw guardians coming through and searching the yards. Some kept moving on in case we'd run farther. Others lingered, investigating places that made good hiding spots as the evening grew darker and darker. I glanced at the screen. The cut had been clean, not an obvious hole, but it was still something our pursuers might notice. Sensing this as well, Dimitri carefully moved off into the living room, doing his best to avoid windows and keep out of sight. We cut through to the kitchen and found a door leading to the garage. In the garage was a red Ford Mustang. â€Å"Two car family,' he murmured. â€Å"I was hoping for that.' â€Å"Or they're out for a walk and about to come home when they notice a SWAT team in their neighborhood,' I whispered. â€Å"The guardians won't let themselves be seen.' We began searching for obvious key locations. At last, I found a set hanging on the side of a cupboard and scooped them up. â€Å"Got â€Å"em,' I said. Since I had the keys, I think Dimitri actually would have let me jump into the driver's seat. Thanks to my right ankle, however, I had to toss him the keys. The universe had a sick sense of humor. â€Å"Will they spot us in this?' I asked, as Dimitri opened the garage door and backed out. â€Å"It's, uh, a bit flashier than our usual stolen car profile.' It was also awesome. Sydney, car geek that she was, would have loved it. I bit my lip, still guilty that we'd left her behind. I tried to push the thought out of my head for now. â€Å"It is,' agreed Dimitri. â€Å"But other cars will be driving down the street. Some guardians will still be searching the yards, and some will be guarding the Mastranos. They don't have infinite numbers. They can't watch everything at once, though they'll certainly try.' I held my breath anyway as we drove out of the subdivision. Twice, I thought I spotted stealthy figures by the side of the road, but Dimitri was right: they couldn't check every car in a busy suburban neighborhood. The darkness also obscured our faces. Dimitri remembered the way we'd driven in because a few turns later, we were merging onto the freeway. I knew he had no destination in mind, except foraway. With no obvious indications that we'd been followed, I shifted my body and stretched out my throbbing leg. My chest had that light, nebulous feeling you got when too much adrenaline was pumping through you. â€Å"They turned us in, didn't they?' I asked. â€Å"Victor and Robert called us in and then took off. I should have kept watch.' â€Å"I don't know,' Dimitri said. â€Å"It's possible. I saw them just before I talked to you, and everything seemed fine. They wanted to go with us to find Jill, but they knew it was only a matter of time before we turned them over to the authorities. I'm not surprised they came up with an escape plan. They could have used the feeding as a distraction to call the guardians and get rid of us.' â€Å"Crap.' I sighed and pushed my hair back, wishing I had a ponytail holder. â€Å"We should've gotten rid of them when we had the chance. What'll happen now?' Dimitri was silent for a few seconds. â€Å"The Mastranos will be questioned †¦ extensively. Well, all of them will, really. They'll lock Sonya up for investigation, like me, and Sydney will be shipped back to the Alchemists.' â€Å"And what will they do to her?' â€Å"I don't know. But I'm guessing her helping vampire fugitives won't go over well with her superiors.' â€Å"Crap,' I repeated. Everything had fallen apart. â€Å"And what are we going to do?' â€Å"Put some distance between us and those guardians. Hide somewhere. Wrap up your ankle.' I gave him a sidelong look. â€Å"Wow. You've got everything planned out.' â€Å"Not really,' he said, a small frown on his face. â€Å"That's the easy stuff. What happens after that is going to be the hard part.' My heart sank. He was right. Provided the Mastranos weren't indicted by Moroi authorities for helping criminals, Emily now had no one forcing her to acknowledge Jill's heritage. If Sydney was being hauled back to her own people–well. She couldn't help either. I was going to have to tell someone else, I realized. The next time I made contact with Adrian, I'd have to divulge the truth so that my friends could do something about Jill. We couldn't sit on this secret any longer. Dimitri took the next exit, and I tuned back into the world. â€Å"Hotel?' I asked. â€Å"Not quite,' he said. We were in a busy, commercial area, not far from Ann Arbor, I thought. One of the Detroit suburbs. Restaurants and stores lined the road, and he turned us toward a twenty-four-hour superstore that promised to carry â€Å"everything.' He parked and opened his door. â€Å"Stay here.' â€Å"But–‘ Dimitri looked meaningfully at me, and I glanced down. I'd come away from our fight more scuffed up than I realized, and the dress had torn. My ragged appearance would attract attention, as would my limping. I nodded, and he left. I spent the time turning over our problems, cursing myself for not having found a way to turn in the brothers once Robert had restored Sonya. I'd been bracing myself for betrayal in the form of some magical attack. I hadn't expected something as simple as a call to the guardians. Dimitri, ever the efficient shopper, returned soon with two large bags and something slung over his shoulder. He tossed it all in the backseat, and I peered back curiously. â€Å"What's that?' It was long and cylindrical, covered in canvas. â€Å"A tent.' â€Å"Why are we–‘ I groaned. â€Å"No hotel, huh?' â€Å"We'll be harder to find at a campground. The car will especially be harder to find. We can't get rid of it quite yet, not with your foot.' â€Å"Those poor people,' I said. â€Å"I hope their car insurance covers theft.' Back on the freeway, we soon left the urban sprawl, and it wasn't long before we saw advertisements for campgrounds and RV parks. Dimitri pulled over at a place called Peaceful Pines. He negotiated with the man working in the office and produced a number of crisp bills. That was another reason we couldn't get a hotel, I realized. Most required credit cards, and Sydney had had all those (in fake names, of course). We were living off cash now. The clerk gave us directions along a gravel road that led to a spot on the opposite end of the campground. The place was busy with vacationing families, but no one paid much attention to us. Dimitri made sure to park as close to a cluster of trees as possible, in order to obscure the car and its plates. Despite my protests, he wouldn't let me help with the tent. He claimed he could do it faster without me and that I should stay off my feet. I started to argue until he began assembling the tent. My jaw dropped a little as I watched how quickly he put it together. He didn't even need the directions. It had to be some kind of record. The tent was small and sturdy, giving us both room to sit and lie, though he had to hunch just a little when we were sitting. Once inside, I got to see the rest of his purchases. A lot of it was first aid. There was also a flashlight he propped up, a kind of makeshift lamp. â€Å"Let me see the ankle,' he ordered. I stretched out my leg, and he pushed my dress's skirt up to my knee, fingers light against my skin. I shivered as a sense of deja vu swept me. It seemed to be happening to me a lot lately. I thought back to all the times he had helped me with other injuries. We could have been right back in St. Vladimir's gym. He gently tested the ankle's mobility and did a little poking and prodding. His fingers never ceased to amaze me. They could break a man's neck, bandage a wound, and slide sensually across bare skin. â€Å"I don't think it's broken,' he said at last. He lifted his hands, and I noticed how warm I'd been while he touched me. â€Å"Just sprained.' â€Å"That kind of thing happens when you keep jumping off roofs,' I said. Jokes were my old standby to hide discomfort. â€Å"You know, we never practiced that in our training.' He smiled and took out bandaging material, wrapping the ankle until it was supported and stabilized. After that, he produced– â€Å"A bag of frozen peas?' Dimitri shrugged and rested the bag on my ankle. The coolness instantly made me feel better. â€Å"Easier than buying a full bag of ice.' â€Å"You're pretty resourceful, Belikov. What else do you have stashed away?' The rest of the bags' contents turned out to be blankets and some food. I gave him a big grin when I saw he'd gotten me sour cream potato chips and a bar of chocolate. I loved that he remembered such little details about me. My smile faded when another problem quickly popped up. â€Å"You didn't buy any clothes, did you?' â€Å"Clothes?' he asked, like it was a foreign word. I gestured to my torn dress. â€Å"I can't wear this for long. What am I going to do? Make a toga out of a blanket? You're such a guy, never thinking of this stuff.' â€Å"I was thinking of injury and survival. Fresh clothing's a luxury, not a necessity.' â€Å"Not even your duster?' I asked slyly. Dimitri froze for a moment and then swore. He'd had no need to wear his coat indoors at the Mastranos'–honestly, he didn't need to outside either–and had left it there in the ensuing fight. â€Å"Don't worry, comrade,' I teased. â€Å"Plenty more where that came from.' He spread blankets over the tent's floor and laid back on them. There was a look of woe on his face that was almost comical. Raids, bullets, criminals †¦ no problem. A missing duster? Crisis. â€Å"We'll get you another one,' I said. â€Å"You know, once we find Jill, clear my name, and save the world.' â€Å"Just those things, huh?' he asked, making both of us laugh. But when I stretched myself out beside him, both our faces sobered. â€Å"What are we going to do?' I asked. Tonight's most popular question. â€Å"Sleep,' he said, clicking off the flashlight. â€Å"Tomorrow we'll get a hold of Abe or Tasha or †¦ someone. We'll let them handle it and get Jill where she needs to be.' I was surprised how small my voice sounded when I spoke. â€Å"I feel like we failed. I was so happy back there. I thought we'd done the impossible, but it was for nothing. All this work for nothing.' â€Å"Nothing?' he asked in astonishment. â€Å"What we did †¦ this is huge. You found Lissa's sister. Another Dragomir. I don't think you still really understand the weight of that. We had almost nothing to go on, yet you pushed forward and made it happen.' â€Å"And I lost Victor Dashkov. Again.' â€Å"Well, the thing about him is that he doesn't stay hidden for long. He's one of those people who always has to be in control. He'll have to make a move eventually and when he does–we'll get him.' The smile returned to my lips, though I knew he couldn't see it. â€Å"And I thought I was the optimistic one here.' â€Å"It's contagious,' he replied. Then, to my surprise, his hand found mine in the dark. He laced our fingers together. â€Å"You did good, Roza. Very good. Now sleep.' We touched in no other way, but his hand held all the warmth in the world. This was hardly a perfect moment, like in the library, but our familiar connection and the understanding between us burned brighter than ever, and it felt good. Right. Natural. I didn't want to sleep. I just wanted to stay there and savor being with him. It wasn't cheating, I decided, thinking of Adrian. It was just enjoying this closeness. Still, sleep was essential. We worked out a schedule where each of us took shifts. He would stay awake now while I rested, and I had a feeling if I didn't sleep, he wouldn't either when the shift change came. I closed my eyes, and it wasn't my heart I had to slow down this time. It was my mind, the hamster wheel that went nowhere trying to figure out what to do next. Just get Jill to Court. Just get Jill to Court. That was all that mattered. We'd contact someone who could reach Jill. Dimitri and I would lie low, everything would soon fix itself†¦. â€Å"Thank God.' I spun around, not even realizing I'd fallen into a spirit dream. I was back in Sonya's garden with all its sunshine and color, and she sat back in a chair, looking expectant. â€Å"I was afraid you'd be up all night, watching your back,' she continued. â€Å"I would if I had my choice,' I replied, strolling over to her. She wasn't quite whom I'd expected to see in my dreams, but at least I'd made contact with the outside world. I wore the black-and-white dress here, but unlike reality, it was clean and intact. â€Å"Dimitri thinks we're in a secure location–though he's awake, of course.' â€Å"Of course.' There was a glimmer of amusement in her eyes, but it was brief. â€Å"Where are you?' I asked. â€Å"Did the guardians put you in holding?' â€Å"They didn't get me,' she said smugly. â€Å"You were their priority, and a little compulsion made sure they didn't see me. I took off †¦ I hated to leave Emily, though.' I empathized but was too excited at Sonya's escape. Good news, finally. â€Å"But you can get Jill to Court. You're free.' Sonya looked at me as those I'd just spoken French. â€Å"I can't get to Jill.' I frowned. â€Å"Is she under that much security?' â€Å"Rose,' said Sonya. â€Å"Jill isn't with the guardians at all. Victor and Robert took her.'

Human resource management Essay

People believe that technology enhancement can play a vital role in replacing people with machines, but these people are the one, to invade those machines. Human resource is an important area in an organization as it deals with different departments of the organization such as finance department etc. Without hr management none of the organization can achieve a repetitive position. In today’s world, changes are taking place in hr management due to trends in globalization. Invention of new technologies, diversity, e-business that is e-commerce and ethics (Haslinda, 2009). Globalization is a process in which regional economies, societies and culture become integrated. In the second half of the 20th century globalization takes a great part in enhancing the economic expansion of the global economy. Globalization has completely changed the environment of the business. With globalization, barriers to entry will not be able to restrict new entrants in the market. Due to this fact, companies will not have to restrict themselves with a single prediction plant, in spite of it, they can move from a single market to another market with lower transportation and communication cost. Due to this multinational corporations are taking advantages to set monopolies in the market. Competing in the global market is very difficult, so to face such kind of competitions hr should be properly centralized and should be in practice. Efficiency of the employees plays a great role in managing and controlling the hr department. In human resource management the staff which is requi red should be talented, creative, innovative, understandable, trained properly etc to meet the requirements of the globalization (Rajar and Shah, 2010). In early century, when there was no HR department, people use to make the best use of the technology, which was available at that time like telephone, typewriter, time clock etc for managing all departments properly. But with the advancement in technologies and with the inventions of other computerized base technologies, the hr started to take benefits from it. They started to manage and use the database. They use different technologies to deal in different areas of work like interactive voice response, local area networks, optical character recognition etc. (Frantzreb, 2010). Diversity is the policy of encouraging people coming from different backgrounds. Diversity management is adapted by different workplaces in order to make changes in different work styles. Companies use diverse work force because different people are specialized in different fields (Mortan, 2009). If some one is specialized in a particular work and continues it for a longer time periods then he will definitely get bored with his work one day and he will also not enjoy in doing his work which will result in the downfall of the company. Therefore, people will work inefficiently and will not enjoy their work. So, diversity should be adapted because it will motivate people towards hard work. Companies uses diverse work force for increasing efficiency and to achieve companies goals and a higher position in the market. It has many advantages; one of the main advantage of diversity management is that it enhances the skills and talent among employees and staff having different ages, countries, race, gender etc. Every one is treated equally. And employees feel more secure and began to work more effectively (Taton, 2010). E-Business is the application of communication technologies, which manages different departments of business and manages all the activities of business. Changes in e-business obviously effect human resource management, which includes compressed technology cycle, higher demand, more dependence on higher speed and always demand for higher service etc. To maximize the benefits of e-commerce some different methods of e-business should be adopted by different organizations. Company should create a strong team for decision-making. And the team must include employees from different departments (Nelson, 2001). There are different departments in every organization and different people in hr department manage each department efficiently. Human resource department manages the organization by first finding the place where they want a new employee, then they find what kind of workers they will need, then they will take interviews and select. Hr manages all the employees by giving them motivation by compensation and by increasing their salaries. Every organization must have a hr department. The role of human resource management is changing day by day in different trends like globalisation, diversity, technology, ethics and e-commerce.

Analysis Of The Book The Adelphia Debacle - 1418 Words

Aldo Toomepuu 1 November 2015 ACG 6936 The Adelphia Debacle Some have been ensnared in the net of excessive debt. The net of interest holds them fast, requiring them to sell their time and energies to meet the demands of creditors. They surrender their freedom, becoming slaves to their own extravagance. ~Joseph B. Wirthlin Background At first glance this appears to be to another post-Enron big corporation fraud scandal. It was one of the first big cases tried after Enron. However, there are significant differences from Enron and WorldCom scandals Unlike other corporate fraud cases involving executives, John Rigas never sold stock or received stock options (Lowenstein). Where Enron and WorldCom executives appeared to be doing their best to flee their sinking ships, the Rigas family made no such move. John Rigas story starts out as fulfillment of the American dream, a true rags to riches story. Born to Greek immigrants,Rigas worked hard from a young age. During World War II he enlisted in the Army to serve his country. He went to school on GI bill, earned his degree and then returned to his hometown of Wellsville, PA. At the age of 28 he went into business for himself. He borrowed money from family and friends and bought a movie theater. In 1952 he founded Adelphia Communications which he built up over the next 50 years to establish it as one of the oldest and largest cable communications companies in the United States. Fraud scheme and modus operandiShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Balancing The Books 1172 Words   |  5 PagesIn the past, the act of â€Å"balancing the books† involved hammering through countless accounting records and ledgers, anticipating that debit entries will equal to credit entries. In current times â€Å"balancing the books† is much more complex as we have electronic databases that are housing financial data and computer software that is computing the financial data for multi-national companies, worth billions of dollars. The current state of the global economy makes it possible for an investor in GermanyRead MoreEfficient Capital Markets, Corporate Disclosure and Enron12656 Words   |  51 Pagescollapse of Enron dealt a stunning blow, not only to people s wallets and a once-formidable U.S. corporation, but also to a number of conventional theories and core beliefs within the legal academy. The theories and beliefs challenged by the Enron debacle i nclude the t J. DuPratt White Professor of Law and Director, John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics, Cornell Law School. The author thanks Michael Heiss and the seminar participants in the Cornell Law School Faculty workshop series for helpfulRead MoreCorporate Governance and Auditors14709 Words   |  59 Pagesfor data collection. 1.13 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS Data collected will be analyzed thoroughly so as to check for completeness and accuracy of data responses obtained. An overall response rate for the whole questionnaire and also percentages will be calculated to show the various responses of respondents for each question. Pie charts excel work sheets and any other data presentation and analysis technique that will render data analysis by the researcher meaningful shall be employed toRead MoreAudit Cases14211 Words   |  57 Pagescompany senior executives insisted that the transactions be included, because without those transactions the bank would not resume funding the line of credit. Those executives accused the caller of living in an â€Å"ivory tower† and emphasized that companies book these kinds of transactions all the time. ÂÆ'ÂÆ' The caller stated that there was no underlying customer order related to the sales and no goods had been shipped to the customer as of quarter end. The senior executives believe that the transactions representedRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pagesregistered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13: 978-0230-55379-8 ISBN-10: 0-230-55379-6 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and mad e from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mergers and acquisitions :

Analysis Of The Book Ways Of Seeing By John Berger

Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. London: British Broadcasting, 1973. Print. The book, Ways of Seeing by John Berger is based on the concept that the way we see things. It explores our knowledge and past experiences. The reproduction and recreation of images and how that changes our own thoughts on an artwork. The book reveiws the history of nude women in art, and the negative impacts of advertising in the art world. The book is organized in a form of chapters, including pictorials. I chose to write my essay following a similar form. I follow the flow of the chapters, with a summary of each chapter, as well as a reflection. In the first pages of John Berger s, Ways Of Seeing, he explains what it means to See . He explains as children, we are first able to look, not speak, nor walk. This is an interesting way of approaching the act of seeing. To see is different from looking. To see is to understand whereas to look is to simply glance. For Berger, ‘An image is a sight which has been recreated or reproduced . . . which has been detached from the place and time in which it first made its appearance . . .’ (p. 9). I interpreted this as a way of saying, that the reproduction changes the entire context of the artwork. Berger goes on to point out the human fascination with relating to each other, and our yearning to understand history. Berger says that maybe paintings weren t made to be interpreted as legitimate history, but are made to represent something that is not there.Show MoreRelatedHow We See and Read Images1247 Words   |  5 Pagesadvertisements are meant to capture the audience attent ion. Art and beauty attract the attention of the mind through the eye. John Berger, an English art critic, novelist, painter, and poet tried to explain the way human beings view things and how this is affected by our knowledge, beliefs and what they assume to be right. He explains that what we see has been recreated or reproduced. Berger points out that the woman’s body portrayed by different people has changed over time, for instance, in early 1500-1900Read MoreJohn Berger Essay- Ways of Seeing1833 Words   |  8 Pagescomplexity of mummies. Throughout all these diverse cultures of art, I was questioning myself and started to wonder how I could understand art beyond others’ opinion about them. Moreover, I realized that it was a question John Berger, critic of art and author of the Ways of Seeing, raised in his essay, and it is a question that will always be raised while demanding how to understand a certain art. Walking through a room where various French artists had their paintings exposed, I fell in front of theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John Berger s Ways Of Seeing912 Words   |  4 Pages Rhetorical Analysis Essay In John Berger’s essay â€Å"Ways of Seeing,† he shares his view on how he feels art is seen. Mr. Berger explores how the views of people are original and how art is seen very differently. By comparing certain photographs, he goes on to let his Audience, which is represented as the academic, witness for themselves how art may come across as something specific and it can mean something completely different depending on who is studying the art. The author goes into details ofRead MoreRoland Barthes developed a range of semiotic tools to analyse the cultural meanings1729 Words   |  7 Pagesand will also look at how Barthes uses these tools to analyse images and how they make us think. Roland Barthes was a French philosopher who wrote many books about the literary theory and semiotics. His writing has influenced and helped shape many postmodern theories. His most famous book â€Å"Death of the author† explains his theory on visual analysis. Barthes says that when we see an image, the author or creator of the image does not matter. Each individual person will find a meaning from that imageRead MoreCritical Media Analysis1146 Words   |  5 PagesMicaela Flanigan February 18, 2013 Critical Media Analysis The advertisement being analyzed is from Amitron and is selling a woman’s watch. The advertisement was found in Marie Claire magazine, which is a publication for women and pertains to topics such as fashion, style, beauty, women’s issues, and health issues. Marie Claire is ranked as number 87 in circulation and 988,418 magazines were circulated as of 2012. The estimated advertising rate for Marie Claire is $79,760. The primary targetRead MoreIdentifying Potential Genres of Viral Videos Essay2290 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"yes,† as demonstrated by the information architecture of online super-retailers like Amazon.com. Amazon subdivides its massive inventory first by medium, like â€Å"Books† or â€Å"Movies,† before incrementally working toward a finer degree of granularity. Taking books as our example medium, we can navigate by sub-genres to find a title in Books Science Fiction Fantasy Science Fiction Adventure. But this understanding of ge nre-as-synonym largely ignores the more formal identification process performedRead MoreThe Advancement Of Behaviorism : A Look At The Progression Of Behavioral Science Through Time Essay2345 Words   |  10 Pagesexplain human behavior, but he did set up a paradigm that inspired John B. Watson. Watson used Pavlov’s Stimulus—Response contingency to explore psychological facets of behavior, leading to methodological behaviorism. This form of behavioral science only analyzed behavior that could be seen by the naked eye and discounted mental events. In opposition to this, B.F. Skinner formed radical behaviorism, which did include the analysis of â€Å"private events,† which could include thoughts or even physicalRead MoreLanguage as a Social Construction of Reality.4593 Words   |  19 Pagescreate and shape the world through social interaction (Berger and Luckmann 1967). Newman (1995:48) describes it as A...a process by which human-created ideas become externall y given realities handed down from generation to generation.@ Berger and Luckmann claim that language is an essential part of our existence as human beings. The following passage demonstrates the importance they place on language in understanding our social world (Berger and Luckmann 1967:37): The common objectivations of everydayRead More The Relationship of Photographs, History, and Memory Essay5378 Words   |  22 Pagesknowledge and making history. Photographs are re-collections of the past. This essay is about photography, memory, and history and addresses the relationship between photographic images and the need to remember; it is based on the notion that seeing is a prelude to historical knowledge and that understanding the past relies on the ability to imagine. At the same time, the role of thought and imagination in the production of society--as reflected in the earlier work of Louis Althusser (1970),Read MoreEssay on ART 305 Syllabus 1 2559 Words   |  11 Pagespoints method. This means that I assign points to each assignment toward a total of possible points in the class. CLASS GRADING 13 quizzes 130 points (10 points each) FINAL quiz 50 points Discussion/Analysis Question 1 10 points Discussion/Analysis Question 2 10 points Discussion/Analysis Question 3 10 points Museum paper 40 points TOTAL 250 points Grading will be done on a plus (+) and minus (-) basis as follows: A 250-225 (90%) (or 250 x .90=225) A- 224-212.5 (85%) (or 250 x .85=212

Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay - 945 Words

Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Everyday people make decisions that affect their future lives. Do people make the right decisions? What makes a decision a right one? What may be right to some, may be wrong to others. There are no right or wrong decisions but those that people choose and believe to be right varying from each individual. In Hemingways realistic story, Hills Like White Elephants, Jig attempts to make a crucial change in her life by making the right decision, but is unable to because of her weak characteristic flaws. Jig is indecisive about her decision. Even though she realizes the possibilities, she has difficulties letting go of old habits, has a low self-esteem that leads to her being submissive,†¦show more content†¦Surely, she must know the possible damage she can cause the baby to have, but does it stop her from drinking? No, this only indicates that she is still not ready to change completely. Even though she wants to change, something, perhaps her old ways, is holding her back from doing so. Maybe this explains why she drinks during her pregnancy. Jig has many characteristics that define her as being a weak character. Due to her submissive quality, she gives in to her lover regardless her own feelings. One of the reasons why she feels the need to make him happy lies in her fear of losing him. And if I do it youll be happy and things will be like they were and youll love me? Apparently, Jig is willing to sacrifice her own will for his, if it means making him happy. She struggles on a decision between her mind and her heart. Her mind is telling her to keep the baby, but her heart is telling her the opposite-to go through the operation. It is a decision between her love for him and willingness to make him happy versus her self- interest to make the right decision. Obviously, it is her low self- esteem that gears her towards giving in to him. If I do it you wont ever worry...then Ill do it because I dont care about me. This quotes clearly shows how she is passive and submissive. Her weak flaw lies in the fact that she doesnt consider her feelingsShow MoreRelatedHemingway’s Hills Like White Elep hants Essay1908 Words   |  8 Pagesthe literary pieces he writes. Hemingway proves this by writing his short story, Hills Like White Elephants. Hemingway also quoted, â€Å"I never had to choose a subject - my subject rather chose me† (E. Hemingway, QuotesPedia). This also relates to Hemingway composing Hills Like White Elephants along with many of his other works. Hemingway refers to past events in his life in his writings. For example, in Hemingway’s novel, A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway is referring to his service in World War I,Read MoreEssay On Abortion In Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants900 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"If she chooses the barren solution, the girl knows that she will never again have a chance at choosing happiness† (Teaching the Culture of Life: Hills Like White Elephants). â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† goes in depth on a relationship where one partner wants an abortion and the other is questioning the abortion, the relationship, and their future together. Jig is confronted with a life altering decision. She can have the abortion and try to stay with her partner in a dry and barren relationshipRead MoreAbortion In Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants1237 Words   |  5 Pages The short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† by Ernest Hemingway, talk about a young couple and their relationship issue about abortion. Even though, the story happened in a short period of time, but it tells more than just a story. The woman named Jig, where the man only called as â€Å" a man† or â€Å" The American.† Although the relationship between them is complicated, but it is clearly that they are not married. However, they continued their relationship which came to result that Jig became pregnantRead MoreErnest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay743 Words   |  3 Pages WC: 754 Title: Sacred Moments Close interpretation of the story quot;Hills Like White Elephantsquot; by Ernest Hemingway leads the reader to an issue that has plagued society for decades. Understanding of the human condition is unveiled in the story line, the main setting, and through the character representation. The main characters in the story are an American man and a female named Jig. The conflict about abortions is an issue that still faces society today. Architectural and atmosphericRead MoreEssay on Hemingways Minimalism in Hills Like White Elephants1455 Words   |  6 PagesHemingway’s Minimalism in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† In this essay we will look at Earnest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† as an example of his use of the minimalist technique, what that technique is, and what its overall effect has on the reader. What is minimalism and how did Hemingway use this technique in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†? The primary effect of Minimalism in modern prose is to place the control of the work back onto the reader. That is to say, the reader is forcedRead MoreAbortion In Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants1664 Words   |  7 PagesOn its surface level, Ernest Hemingway’s short story, Hills Like White Elephants, appears to be a seemingly simple tale of an American man and a girl waiting at a train station in Spain while having a civil conversation about an unmentioned operation over a few drinks; however, after readers look past the nondescript writing style of Hemingway, it becomes evident that the conversation is actually revolving around a topic much more serious. The â€Å"simple† operation the man is trying to convince theRead More Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Ernest Hemingways short story Hills Like White Elephants relies on symbolism to carry the theme of either choosing to live selfishly and dealing with the results, or choosing a more difficult and selfless path and reveling in the rewards. The symbolic materials and the symbolic characters aid the readers understanding of the subtle theme of this story. The hills symbolize two different decisions that the pregnant girl in our story is facedRead MoreAnalysis Of Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants991 Words   |  4 Pagespeople outside of just the person that is making the decision, this causes a person to be weary of their choices. In Ernest Hemingway’s story, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† he focuses the attention on how difficult it can be to make the right decision by expressing the elements through the setting, character, conflicts, symbols, and foreshadowing in the story. In Hemingway’s story, he creates the setting in which he writes, â€Å"It was very hot and the express from Barcelona, would arrive in forty minutesRead MoreAnalysis Of Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants711 Words   |  3 Pagesanother perspective that first impression often evolves, like looking through a lens. This phenomenon can be observed in literature. Ernest Hemingways â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† tells of a man and a woman waiting at a Spanish railway station. While having drinks, they discuss the option of her having an abortion. Brooks The Mother discusses the mental effects of abortion and how a woman may feel after having one. At first glance, Hemingway’s story simply shows that abortions can hurt and put strainRead MoreJohn Updikes AP and Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants1016 Words   |  4 Pagestakes both genders to create love, and those genders are often separated by inequality. Both these themes coincide well together; the clash of love and gender inequality is interestingly captivating. In John Updikes AP and Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants, both stories send a conclusive message to the reader that equality between both sexes in love and attraction is almost impossible; one gender will always be more powerful than the other. In AP by John Updike, the story portrays

Linking Global Trade and Human Rights - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Linking Global Trade and Human Rights. Answer: Introduction: The provincial and central government of China in recent years have created special zones that have offered several benefits to the countries who are doing business poor operating in China. Such areas include free trade zone, special economic zones and trade development zones. One of the factors that can be considered by Australian sector for doing business in China is the benefits offered by different economic zones and free trade zone. Australian business is required to check with their state trade office for seeing that it has any relationship with special trade zone for setting up operations in China. Free economic zone has been opened by the city of China. Free trade zone of China has created business opportunities for Australian business[1]. One of the most important international business hubs that is Shanghai is recent development. The Shanghai free trade zone was launched on 29th September 2013. Establishment of Chinas national exhibition and trading centre is one of the first initiative of special free trade zone of china. Opportunities will be created for Australian business due to economic reforms and significant opportunities created by national exhibition and trading centre. For the private foreign investments, six service sectors have been opened up under the free trade zone. These sectors involve shipping services, financial services, business services, cultural services, social services and professional services [2]. It is indicative of the fact that Chinese government has signalled unprecedented level of economic liberalization. An innovative approach for promoting the exports of Australian country to China is represented by Australian national exhibition and trading centre. The fast growing Chinese market can be accessed by Australian business without any complex procedures involved in registration o f company in China [3]. China Australia free trade agreement: China has ratified and initiated implementing free trade agreements with Australia in year 2015 as it is the largest trading partner. This free trade agreement will help in encouraging international investment and trade by relaxing regulator barriers on foreign investments, eliminating and reducing tariffs by lowering trade barriers. Australia will face increased export competition in domestic markets by allowing free flow of cheaper goods across trade barriers. Investment in Australia by private Chinese investors will be stimulated to $ 1094 million due to increase in threshold in non-sensitive sectors by foreign investment review board. Investment and trade will be boosted between China and Australia as per the agreement. As per the agreement, tariff is eliminated on the vast majority of goods between the trading partners. Authorities of China has remained cautious about Trans pacific partnership and there will not be immediate negative impact on trade and investment due to implementation of agreement. Second largest source of foreign investment for Australia in year 2014 is China with the total value of investment stock amounts to AUD 64.5 billion [4]. ChAFTA is expected to stimulate trade flows between China and Australia will witness increase investment by China. Chinese companies will further incentivise to make investment in China due to lower cost of exports brought by tariffs reduction. For securing the supply of high quality of products, Australia will have investments from china. This will assist Australian companies to tap into evolving trend of Chinese consumption. Prior to the agreement, Chinese market was accessed by Australian business for increasing the processing capacity and agricultural production. There has been increase in investment value that is an encouraging factor for Chinese companies. Real estate of Australia has been witnessing increasing investment from the Chinese companies in addition to consumer related sectors. Investment facilitation arrangement made under ChAFTA under which Chinese workers will be entering Australia in temporary basis for participating in infrastructure projects of Chinese companies. Furthermore, tariffs on all types of pharmaceutical products will be removed. Overseas investment has been stepp ed into by Chinese companies in healthcare sector of Australia. Australian market access by Chinese companies will help in accessing technology, high quality trends and expertise[5]. This would help in satisfying the growing demand of Chinese market. The investment targets by Chinese companies in Australia under the free trade agreement would be mainly in the sector of financial services, computer and electronics, food, agribusiness, textiles, healthcare and transportation. A range of commitment has been agreed by china under ChAFTA that would provide assistance to service providers in Australia for establishing their commercial presence in territories of China. Some of the sectors includes sector of shipping, health aged care, architecture, mining and legal services, urban planning, fund management sectors, insurance and banking [6]. A clause of most favoured nation is involved in agreement that will help in protecting the competitive position of Australia provided the condition that if beneficial treatment is extended by China to their trade partners. Under ChAFTA, investors in Australia are provided with the opportunities of establishing wholly foreign owned entities. 13th five year plan provides the Australian investors with further liberalization opportunities. Due to increase in import competition, the merger clearance rates in Australia is likely to have a favourable impact. Further growth in import competition in areas such as manufacturing, electronics and household products, is likely to be supported by elimination and reduction of tariffs under ChAFTA. Australian companies can source cheaper supply from China with this agreement. Import competition effectiveness can be softened by the applications of anti-dumping policies and using standards of Australia to impose additional trade barriers on importing of goods. Increasingly global nature of competition can provide with the remote side effect of ChAFTA as it seeks that Australian companies intend to merge for creating efficiencies and competing effectively with counter parts [7]. The international competitiveness can be related under the provisions of formal merger authorization. It will help Australia in becoming more exposed to export market and import competition and seeking and el iminating trade barriers. Five year plan of China: The economic development of China is achieved through a plan of five years in the most recent year from March 2016 to March 2021. Realising of national and economic development plan in form of the five year plan has outlined several targets and economic policies for driving development of industry inn China by year 2020. The main focus of plan is continued efforts in reforming measures and maintaining social stability and economic growth. Some of the key priorities that have been addressed in this particular five year plan involves investment promotion across sectors, nationwide industrial capacity resolving, supporting development of private sector, and strengthening protection of properties, innovation in technology, encouraging population of workforce and re balancing of rural area entrepreneurship. International business activity and international investments has been further opened in terms of Chinas free trade zone under 13th Five year plan. International presence of china is on path of increasing continuously that will help in further expanding of free trade zone for stimulating foreign investments in these zones. The increasing face value of business opportunities is attributed from increased access to Chinese markets coupled with western level of free trade. As per the plan, there will be provisions for substantial change in flow of capital out and into China[8]. This would facilitate navigation of foreign invested enterprise by accessing to market of China. Production will also be made attractive due to proposed incentives of tax under the five year plan. China has taken considerable step for gaining greater freedom in global market in terms of international financial liberalization. The plan made in 13th five year plan will be made forward due to likely expansion and creation of free trade zone and making provision of movement of capital flows. Gradual liberalization of foreign investment is indicated by five year plan of China. It involves the implementation of national treatments for foreign and domestic investors eventually and this is done pre establishment and managing foreign investments with negative list approaches [9]. There will be unified foreign and direct investment system. Formulation of basic laws have been highlighted in the plan by indicating the growing need to emphasize on finalization of legislation such as drafting the foreign investment laws. The policymakers of China has been consistently advocated to do away with the classification of foreign investments and governing of all the established companies in china under same regulations and laws. Under this plan, some areas that have been noted for making alterations relating investment includes reduce barriers to access market, expand openings, encouraging foreign capital and improving overall quality of foreign investments in China by adopting advanced technology. For achieving goals related to foreign investments, plan have some targeted goals that re required to achieved in order to enhance such investment opportunities. For liberalization, the targeted sectors include construction, education, accounting, designing and auditing [10]. Market access for foreign companies such as insurance, banking, securities and pensions are suggested for expansion under the plan. Plan would also encourage development of industries involved in high and new technologies, manufacturing and efficiency in energy sectors. It is envisaged in the plan to create strong system and enabling environment for supporting the variety of manufacturing planned activities. Establishment of export processing zone and special economic zones is one of the key interventions in the plan. Increasing investment is being witnessed in service and manufacturing sectors and over the last few years, there have been change in the patter of inflow and outflow of foreign direct investments. China is being viewed by international investor as end destination market due to growing investment in service sector of country [12]. Goods produced by manufacturing firms are designed in a specific way for meeting the needs of Chinese consumers and they are producing high quality goods. Over the past years, there have been rapid growth of foreign investors in high tech manufacturing industries. This would provide opportunities to manufacturing companies in Australia to make investment in China under the new plan. Nonetheless, China has been in the early stage of transition of service driven economy. It is perceived that foreign direct investment in china would be concentrated in East due to establishment of free trade zone in Fujian, Tianjin and Guangdong [13]. Such investments would be eventually moving to western area through Belt and road initiative of country. Manufacturing sub sectors target: One of the most important objective of the five year plan is to enhance the total factor productivity by shifting innovative led growth from capital accumulated led growth. Under the banner of supply side reform, innovation has increased in last two years. Opening up is another strategy of this particular plan that incorporates dual strategy formation for encouraging Chinese business to make investment in other countries such as Australia and compete at global level accompanied by attracting foreign investments into the country. An alternative concept of economic integration is promoted by China through building of multilateral development banks and Belt and Road initiative [15]. The guiding principle under this plan is one belt and one road. Distinguishing short term and long-term turmoil is important that is nurtured by exacerbated financial speculators and international investors collective pessimism. It is an initiative that is led by China is one of the critical area of global g rowth in foreseeable future. Provisions for encouraged economic growth is provided by 13th Five year plan mainly in Western areas of China. Industries from foreign countries are provided opportunities to make investment in such areas as they are underdeveloped. Such industries involve construction, retail sector and other retail services. New markets will be created that will provide opportunities for urban developments, financial services, transport, high tech manufacturing industries, infrastructure, finance and e commerce [16]. It is believed by Chinese government that the basis for financial globalization alternative model is the multi polar monetary system that would help in supporting multilateral infrastructure projects. Future transformation of IMS that is international monetary system into multilateral system is the grand design for achieving the above mentioned objective. The transformation structure would be based under the auspices reformed International monetary fund based on institutionalized monetary coordination. Global financial cycle counter cycle needs would be managed by issuing of special deposit rights and radical reformation of quota system. Chinese authorities have perceived that monetary basis of transformation of global finance is the international monetary system evolution. Over capacities in heavy industries of China would be reduced by making investment in infrastructure throughout Asia. Despite huge amounts of saving, world economy is suffering from colossal lack of infrastructure and slow growth[17]. Therefore, financial system of China should be overhauled and there should be massive increment in the capacity of public development banks for making investment in infrastructure. The funding of long maturity and large sized projects is done prominently by public development banks which will help in generating positive externalities. Such banks are mandatory to fianc and funds such large projects and capital of such projects is owned by national and international financially credible sovereign entities. Therefore, funds can be borrowed at lower cost from international bond markets. The governance of investment projects from countries such as Australia is assisted by development banks as they have expertise in selecting. For the choice of techniques and localization of investments made in infrastructure are done by such banks in partner with the investment projects. One of the preferred tool for sustainable development in emerging economies such as China is linking of central banks with development banks. Development banks helps in financing the cost of infrastructure projects in coordination with managing risks at different levels[18]. Asian international infr astructure bank is one such bank that has been created under leadership of China with public shareholders. Financing of new economic routes from Europe to China are Silk Road banks. The new strategy of opening up of investment is leading to outflow of capital in the form of foreign direct investments. Meanwhile, trade surplus has been reduced due to related increase in cost of labour and redeployment of domestic production to domestic demand. The growing internationalization Chinese firms and financing of infrastructures in Asia due to structural demand has the likelihood of creating investment opportunities for Australia. Private domestic agents would add foreign currency holding and foreign debt repayment along with speculative moves generated by valuation effect [19]. There has been dramatic change in the structure of balance of payments and there is requirement of steady capital inflows by China in the absence of large surplus of current account to offset the outflow of money. In this regard, it is considered crucial to efficient regulation and development of capital markets in China. Internationalization of Chinese currency is one of the ambitious step for restructuring of the financial sector. For the purpose of accommodating the challenge of transition and achieving long-term objectives of this pattern of globalization, it is essential for Chinese government to decide on the way it should proceeds. The long run ambition of China requires an independent monetary policy and free flow of capital and one of the logical consequence is flexible exchange rate regimes. At the same time, Chinese government is required to retain a mix of capital controls and preserving monetary policy autonomy by managing exchange rate regime against currency basket. Observers and market participants are required to understand the position of monetary policy. China has requirement of Western markets in the same way as such nations requires huge consumer market of China[20]. The construction trade facilitation and free trade zone has made a breakthrough. The ministry of Commerce has furth er deepened trade and economic cooperation with foreign countries that would actively propel joint building of silk belt. Laws applicable to Australian business operating in China. Various laws are applicable for the foreign investors seeking to make investment and doing business Australia. Modern system of property rights will be improved under this plan for ensuring well defined ownership, rights and interest protection under all forms of entities. There is improvement in market regulatory and anti-monopoly laws for ensuring standardization and unification [21]. Sound codes of regulatory and conducts methods are established and compulsory standards are established for workplace, quality of products, environmental impacts, consumption and energy. The principle of law based taxation will be fully implemented and system of taxation will be optimized [22]. This plan helps in understanding the economic future of country from both internal and external view point. Public private partnership- China has experimented with public private partnership for quite ling time. However, many foreign investors have been deterred from investing or conducting business on partnership basis. The reasons are attributable to the fact of perceived risk and due to long contract length. Management measures on franchised operations on public utilities and infrastructure is implemented by NDRC for protecting the investment of private and foreign companies. As per the 13th Five year plan, private capital is sought for public infrastructure and is aimed at reducing restrictions for market access for private investment in public operations and infrastructure [23]. Loan contracts- Under the 13th five year plan, loans and technical assistance have been approved by Asian development bank to increase the distribution and energy generation. Investors can enter into loan contracts under article 196 -211. Under article 202, lender must provide accounting reports. Under article 204, People bank of China is liable for stipulating the interest applicable to all loans that are provided by financial institutions[24]. Donation contracts- The budget and planning process of large number of projects by increasing number of operating agencies in association with donors. Development is supported by mobilizing extra budgetary funds from donor community operating internationally. Under article 191, a donor community is not liable for any defects in gifts. Under the current plan, state government of China is cooperating with INGO and NGO for funding small loans to agricultural producers [25]. When Australian business are provided with the opportunities of doing business in China by opening up the potential. Firms and sectors to establish their business in China are exposed to competition laws of both trading countries. In some case, it is certainly possible that business might not be acquainted and familiar with the knowledge of laws operating in each country. This raises the possibility of getting exposed to risk of non-compliances. The ministry of commerce must be notified about specified notification threshold under China Anti-monopoly law merger and acquisition. Transactions pertaining to such merger and acquisitions cannot be completed or closed without the clearance obtained from Ministry of commerce. In event of companies failing to notify any transactions can impose a penalty of half a million RMB. There are few merger filings from Australian companies resulting from small amount of revenues generated from such companies operating in China. Implementation of ChAFTA would help in increasing business activities of Australian companies[26]. ChAFTA has the possibility of merging of Chinse companies with their Australian counterparts by entering into joint ventures. Joint ventures are direct provisions of civil law that are divided into three categories. There are several types of joint ventures in which Australian companies can enter into partner with China such as corporate, contractual, partnership and partnership enterprise laws that are regulated under laws of Chinese government. Chinese merger filing threshold will be reached by more Australian companies due to increased exports to China from Australia. For the first time, China opened its market for overseas private fund managers in year 2016 by joint ventures and allowing wholly foreign owned investors [28]. This would help in raising capital in stock market and private companies. 13 five year plan has the target set for year 2020 that would enhance measures for enabling and promoting business environment that would reduce the cost of doing business in terms of easing registration, regulatory reform and requirement of licence for promoting the foreign as well as domestic investors. This would help in improving the working of land registries and courts, simplifying regulations and amending laws[29]. There would be enforcement of legal instruments and property rights. The effective implementation of development plan is aimed at eliminating conflicting regulations and laws. For supporting socio economic transformation and envisaged industrialization needs to review Village land act for elimination conflicts with other laws[30]. Conclusion: The pattern of globalization is likely to be changed by transformation of economy of China over the next twenty years. Globalization is entering new stage driven by the redeployment of growth into domestic and international markets. Supporting infrastructure investment massively will help in proving momentum of deeper integration. Huge change in incipient regime leads to assertiveness of China in politics and world markets. China has the objective of developing political, economic, technological, cultural and financial relationship for securing global public goods to cooperate politically. The progress of reforms of economic liberalization has been sceptic due to general global economic uncertainty, stock market volatility and Renminbi depreciation during third and second quarter of year 2015. However, in spite of this uncertainty, it is strongly believed that there is high chance of occurrence of liberalization due to significant market potential of China. On the global front, Chine se government has remained active in securing trade deals in support for the establishment of Asian infrastructure investment bank and one belt one road project. Free trade zone is the platform for liberalizing the markets for foreign investors interests and a very small proportion of capital markets is represented in such zone. Concerns of foreign interests would be eased by more consistent free market. Some of the areas that could be explored for opening up the opportunities for foreign business activities and financial trading include information, trade, professional services and logistics. New foreign investors intending to do business in China would face several challenge in terms of project financing. Challenge would be faced in terms of infrastructure investment opportunities. 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